{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T05:34:58Z","timestamp":1785821698409,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,10]],"date-time":"2022-06-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654819200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neurourology and Urodynamics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>This meta\u2010analysis aims to compare biofeedback\u2010assisted pelvic muscle floor training (PFMT) and pelvic electrical stimulation (ES) as an intervention group, with PFMT or bladder training (BT) as the control group, in women with an overactive bladder (OAB).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>PubMed, Cochrane, CINAHL, EMBASE, and Scopus were systematically searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published up to November 2021. The RCTs were screened for our eligibility criteria and quality was evaluated using the Cochrane Risk Index of Bias tools. The outcomes were changes in quality of life (QoL), episodes of incontinence, and the number of participants cured\/improved.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Eight studies involving 562 patients (comprising\u00a0204 patients with biofeedback\u2010assisted PFMT, 108 patients with pelvic ES, and 250 patients who received PFMT alone or BT and lifestyle recommendations only, as the control group) were included. The ES group showed significant differences in terms of changes to QoL (mean difference [MD]: 7.41, 95% confidence interval\u00a0[CI]: 7.90\u221212.92, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.008), episodes of incontinence (MD: \u22121.33, 95% CI: \u22122.50 to \u22120.17, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.02), and the number of participants cured or improved (risk ratio [RR]: 1.46, 95% CI: 1.14\u22121.87, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.003), while the biofeedback group resulted in nonsignificant changes in QoL (MD: 0.13, 95% CI: 7.87\u22128.12, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.98), episodes of incontinence (MD: 0.01, 95% CI: \u22120.89 to 0.90, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.99), and the number of participants cured or improved (RR: 1.15, 95% CI: 0.99\u22121.33, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.08), both compared to the control group respectively.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This meta\u2010analysis shows that low\u2010frequency pelvic ES appears to be sufficient and effective as an additional intervention for women with OAB in clinical practice according to improvements in the subjects' QoL and reduction of symptoms. Meanwhile, biofeedback\u2010assisted PFMT does not appear to be a significant adjuvant for conservative OAB therapy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.24984","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,10]],"date-time":"2022-06-10T08:59:37Z","timestamp":1654851577000},"page":"1258-1269","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Biofeedback\u2010assisted pelvic floor muscle training and pelvic electrical stimulation in women with overactive bladder: A systematic review and meta\u2010analysis of randomized controlled trials"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"41","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2186-4049","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kevin","family":"Leonardo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery,\u00a0Division of Urology Persahabatan General Hospital  Jakarta Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Doddy Hami","family":"Seno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Division of Urology Persahabatan General Hospital \u2010 Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia  Jakarta Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hendy","family":"Mirza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Division of Urology Persahabatan General Hospital \u2010 Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia  Jakarta Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5079-0691","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andika","family":"Afriansyah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Division of Urology Persahabatan General Hospital \u2010 Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia  Jakarta Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-016-3123-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","unstructured":"MilsomI AltmanD CartwrightR et al. 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