{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]],"date-time":"2026-06-08T01:19:16Z","timestamp":1780881556876,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,22]],"date-time":"2023-02-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677024000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neurourology and Urodynamics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>Pelvic floor symptoms (PFS), including lower urinary tract symptoms, defecation problems, sexual dysfunction, and pelvic pain, are common in males and females. Comparing pelvic floor musculature (PFM) function between sexes may reveal important differences relevant to clinical care. This study aimed to compare male and female PFM function and to assess the function of both sexes with the number and type of PFS.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We purposively enrolled males and females aged\u2009\u2265\u200921 years with 0\u20134 PFS based on questionnaire responses in an observational cohort study. Participants then underwent PFM assessment, and muscle function in the external anal sphincter (EAS) and puborectal muscle (PRM) were compared between sexes. The relationships between muscle function and the number and type of PFS were explored.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of the invited 400 males and 608 females, 199 and 187 underwent PFM assessment, respectively. Compared with females, males more often showed increased EAS and PRM tone during assessments. Compared with males, females more often showed weaker maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) of the EAS and dysfunctional endurance of both muscles; additionally, those with zero or one PFS, sexual dysfunction, and pelvic pain more often showed a weak MVC of the PRM.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Despite a few similarities between males and, females we found differences in muscle tone, MVC, and endurance between male and female PFM function. These findings provide useful insights into the differences in PFM function between males and females.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.25149","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,22]],"date-time":"2023-02-22T15:12:30Z","timestamp":1677078750000},"page":"875-885","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Comparing male and female pelvic floor muscle function by the number and type of pelvic floor symptoms"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"42","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3861-5820","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fran\u00e7oise J. M.","family":"Notenboom\u2010Nas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Practice and Elderly Care Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen University of Groningen  Groningen the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7833-5260","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Grietje E.","family":"Knol\u2010de Vries","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Practice and Elderly Care Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen University of Groningen  Groningen the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9516-8372","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marijke C. P.","family":"Slieker\u2010ten Hove","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Practice and Elderly Care Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen University of Groningen  Groningen the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5005-9324","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Janny H.","family":"Dekker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Practice and Elderly Care Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen University of Groningen  Groningen the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9040-7063","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Debby\u00a0G.","family":"Keuken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Netherlands Society of Cardiology  Utrecht the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2328-8265","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gommert A.","family":"van Koeveringe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Maastricht University Medical Center  Maastricht the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1086-8730","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco H.","family":"Blanker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Practice and Elderly Care Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen University of Groningen  Groningen the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.23186"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2019.04.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.2019190064"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4081\/aiua.2016.1.28"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.25020"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1743-6109.2007.00725.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cont.2022.100028"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.24996"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","unstructured":"Bristol Urological Institute. 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