{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T02:56:04Z","timestamp":1778813764635,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,11]],"date-time":"2023-05-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1683763200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neurourology and Urodynamics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Neurogenic bowel dysfunction is commonly encountered after a spinal cord injury (SCI),\u00a0leading to a tremendous impact on quality of life (QOL).\u00a0The neurogenic bowel dysfunction score (NBDS)\u00a0is commonly used to measure the severity of bowel dysfunction and predict QOL. However, there is no comprehensive instrument to assess bowel\u2010specific QOL for SCI patients. Instead, the Irritable Bowel Syndrome\u2010Quality of Life (IBS\u2010QOL)\u00a0questionnaire evaluates the impact of bowel dysfunction on several aspects of QOL, although this questionnaire has not been validated for the SCI population. Motivated by the compelling need of instruments to accurately evaluate the QOL in patients who develope NBD after SCI, we aimed to assess the construct, content, and face validity of IBS\u2010QOL\u00a0in this population.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Adult SCI patients with at least 3 months after their injury were recruited from the outpatient clinic of a national rehabilitation hospital. Patients completed the NBDS and IBS\u2010QOL\u00a0via telephone interview or paper survey in the clinic. Content and face validity were assessed via interviews with professionals with expertise in providing chronic care for SCI, as well as a subgroup of patients. Construct validity was assessed using the hypotheses testing method. Internal consistency was assessed using Cronbach's <jats:italic>\u237a<\/jats:italic>. Factor analysis was performed to assess the dimensionality of the IBS\u2010QOL\u00a0in the SCI population.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 106 patients with a median age of 45.5 years (interquartile range: 21\u201379) participated in the study. The majority of the sample were men (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200982, 77%) and had endured thoracolumbar injuries (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200974, 71.2%). Twelve patients (seven\u00a0English\u2010 and five\u00a0Spanish speakers) and six professionals took part in content\/face validation interviews. The median IBS\u2010QOL total score was 15.91\/100 (interquartile range: 4.55\u201333.14). IBS\u2010QOL\u00a0differentiated the subgroups of patients with severe bowel symptoms in terms of uneasiness, sweating, or headaches during bowel emptying (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.0003), time spent on bowel emptying (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.0065), flatus incontinence (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.0076), and overall satisfaction with bowel function (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), demonstrating its adequate construct validity. Interviews with the patients and professionals supported the comprehensiveness, comprehensibility, and relevance of IBS\u2010QOL\u00a0for assessment of bowel\u2010related QOL in the SCI population. Item\u2010level analysis of professional responses showed that 97% of questions were relevant to the construct and population of interest. Internal consistency analysis yielded a Cronbach's <jats:italic>\u237a<\/jats:italic> of 0.9684. Exploratory factor analysis yielded six underlying factors which cumulatively accounted for 72.21% of the total variance, reflecting the dimensionality of bowel\u2010related QOL in SCI population.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>IBS\u2010QOL\u00a0questionnaire is a comprehensive measure of bowel\u2010related QOL which encompasses the concerns of SCI patients. Our findings support the content, face and construct validity of IBS\u2010QOL\u00a0as a measure of bowel\u2010related QOL in SCI. Further studies are warranted to assess the reliability and responsiveness of IBS\u2010QOL,\u00a0and to evaluate its performance across different patient populations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.25201","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,11]],"date-time":"2023-05-11T10:48:56Z","timestamp":1683802136000},"page":"1362-1373","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Content, face, and construct validity of the Irritable Bowel Syndrome Quality of Life\u00a0(IBS\u2010QOL) as a measure of bowel\u2010related quality of life in spinal cord injury"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"42","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8243-3878","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aidin","family":"Abedi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"USC Neurorestoration Center, Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California Los Angeles California USA"},{"name":"Rancho Research Institute Rancho Los Amigos National Rehabilitation Center Downey California USA"},{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California Los Angeles California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Priya","family":"Kohli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rancho Research Institute Rancho Los Amigos National Rehabilitation Center Downey California USA"},{"name":"Department of Urology, Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California Los Angeles California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7185-4797","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefania","family":"Montero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rancho Research Institute Rancho Los Amigos National Rehabilitation Center Downey California USA"},{"name":"Department of Urology, Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California Los Angeles 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