{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,15]],"date-time":"2026-08-15T01:19:51Z","timestamp":1786756791418,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,9]],"date-time":"2023-07-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1688860800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100015326","name":"Common Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100015326","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neurourology and Urodynamics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>The central nervous system (CNS) regulates lower urinary tract reflexes using information from sensory afferents; however, the mechanisms of this process are not well known. Pressure and volume were measured at the onset of the guarding and micturition reflexes across a range of infusion rates to provide insight into what the CNS is gauging to activate reflexes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Female Sprague Dawley rats were anesthetized with urethane for open outlet cystometry. A set of 10 infusion rates (ranging 0.92\u201365.5\u2009mL\/h) were pseudo\u2010randomly distributed across 30 single\u2010fill cystometrograms. Bladder pressure and external urethral sphincter electromyography were used for the determination of the onset of the micturition and guarding reflexes, respectively. The bladder volume at the onset of both reflexes was estimated from the total infusion rate during a single fill.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In response to many single\u2010fill cystometrograms, there was an increased volume the bladder could store without a significant increase in pressure. Volume was adjusted for this effect for the analysis of how pressure and volume varied with infusion rate at the onset of the micturition and guarding reflexes. In 25 rats, the micturition reflex was evoked at similar volumes across all infusion rates, whereas the pressure at micturition reflex onset increased with increasing infusion rates. In 11 rats, the guarding reflex was evoked at similar pressures across infusion rates, but the volume decreased with increasing infusion rates.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>These results suggest that the CNS is interpreting volume from the bladder to activate the micturition reflex and pressure from the bladder to activate the guarding reflex.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.25243","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,9]],"date-time":"2023-07-09T10:35:00Z","timestamp":1688898900000},"page":"1532-1546","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Reflex voiding in rat occurs at consistent bladder volume regardless of pressure or infusion rate"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"42","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3343-0029","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel 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