{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T17:24:55Z","timestamp":1792171495381,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,28]],"date-time":"2023-09-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1695859200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008108","name":"Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008108","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neurourology and Urodynamics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To establish a normal reference value of postvoid residual (PVR) urine volume in \u201chealthy\u201d adults.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Adults were recruited to undergo uroflowmetry and PVR. Those with neurological disorders, malignancy, diabetes, known lower urinary tract dysfunction, and urinary tract infection within the previous 3 months, were excluded from the study. Constipation was defined as Rome IV\u2009\u2265\u20092.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of the 883 adults enrolled in this study, 194 (22.3%) did not complete the questionnaires or perform the uroflowmetry, 103 (11.7%) met \u22651 exclusion criteria and thus were excluded. In addition, 30 and 38 uroflowmetry were excluded due to artifacts and low bladder volume (BV) (&lt;100\u2009mL), respectively. Finally, 515 uroflowmetry and PVR data from adults aged 36\u201389 (mean: 59.0\u2009\u00b1\u20099.5) were examined. There was a significant nonlinear relationship between BV and PVR (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05), with PVR significantly increased when BV was around 528\u2009mL. Women had lower PVR than men (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). PVR also increased as the International Prostatic Symptom Score (IPSS) increased. PVR was unaffected by age and functional constipation. A multivariate analysis revealed that BV (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05) and IPSS (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05) had significant influence on PVR, but age, gender, and Rome IV score did not. The 90th and 95th percentiles of PVR for men were 73.2\u2009mL (25% of BV) and 102.6\u2009mL (30% of BV), respectively, while for women they were 60.5\u2009mL (21% of BV) and 93.8\u2009mL (27% of BV), respectively.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Women had lower PVR than men. The 90th percentile or 95th percentile of normal adults' PVR may serve as the upper limit of normal PVR, and readings above this level may necessitate additional evaluation and treatment. Further studies are required to substantiate these recommendations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.25294","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,28]],"date-time":"2023-09-28T08:44:07Z","timestamp":1695890647000},"page":"81-87","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Normal postvoid residual urine in healthy adults"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"43","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0357-0493","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Li Yi","family":"Lim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Division of Urology Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital New Taipei City Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Surgery Hospital Canselor Tuanku Muhriz Kuala Lumpur Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1044-3281","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephen Shei\u2010Dei","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Division of Urology Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital New Taipei City Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Surgery Hospital Canselor Tuanku Muhriz Kuala Lumpur Malaysia"},{"name":"School of Medicine Tzu Chi University Hualien Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.23897"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.22671"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-014-3009-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ju.0000179367.55669.0b"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","first-page":"32","article-title":"Evaluation of voiding dysfunction and measurement of bladder volume","volume":"6","author":"Kelly CE","year":"2004","journal-title":"Rev Urol"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-9993(03)00201-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-009-0976-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.22342"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0970-1591.57912"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.1989.tb05518.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcmj.2014.01.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.20901"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","first-page":"353","article-title":"Uroflowmetry in normal Thai subjects","volume":"86","author":"Suebnukanwattana T","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Med Assoc Thai"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00365590410018675"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2982.2010.01539.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4274\/jus.galenos.2019.2612"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)36966-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2009.01.054"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-012-1818-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","first-page":"167","article-title":"No relationship between the International Prostate Symptom Score and post\u2010void residual volume in primary care","volume":"12","author":"Lammers HA","year":"2020","journal-title":"Res Rep Urol"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.1995.tb07421.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-4295(96)00206-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","first-page":"9","article-title":"Residual urine volumes in a normal male population","volume":"11","author":"Cerqui AJ","year":"2001","journal-title":"Urodinamica"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00345-010-0638-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(01)61801-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.20718"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-010-1204-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000111727"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","unstructured":"Ministry of Foreign Affair Republic of China (Taiwan). 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