{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T07:33:49Z","timestamp":1785569629434,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,6]],"date-time":"2023-11-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1699228800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neurourology and Urodynamics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>In nonneurogenic female bladder outlet obstruction (BOO), management goals include reduction of outlet resistance to increase urinary outflow and improve bladder voiding to prevent or reduce lower and upper urinary tract (LUT and UUT) function deterioration, by correcting the underlying etiology. As significant progress has been achieved in the conservative and pharmacological management of nonneurogenic female BOO, the purpose of this article is to review and summarize the current literature.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>For this narrative review, a PubMed\u00ae search was performed by cross\u2010referencing the keywords \u201cfemale bladder outlet obstruction,\u201d \u201cfemale voiding dysfunction,\u201d \u201cconservative management,\u201d \u201cpharmacological management,\u201d and \u201ctreatment\u201d with various terms related to the management of female BOO. Clinical practice guidelines and landmark reviews from the most renowned experts in the field were also used.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Management<\/jats:title><jats:p>This review discusses and summarizes the conservative and pharmacological management of nonneurogenic female BOO based on the most relevant data currently available in the literature.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The recent advances in the understanding of underlying mechanisms involved in female BOO allow for more individualized management. Conservative and pharmacological options show interesting outcomes, particularly in the context of a functional cause of BOO. Overall, the level of evidence is still low regarding the use of conservative and pharmacological measures and more long\u2010term data are required.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.25318","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,6]],"date-time":"2023-11-06T11:06:58Z","timestamp":1699268818000},"page":"37-43","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Nonneurogenic female bladder outlet obstruction: Conservative and medical management"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"44","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2696-7108","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andry","family":"Perrin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Jewish General Hospital McGill University Montreal Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0284-1300","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jacques","family":"Corcos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Jewish General Hospital McGill University Montreal Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11934-016-0586-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MOU.0000000000000303"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2022.01.044"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(01)61957-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3310\/hta12290"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","article-title":"Absorbent products for light urinary incontinence in women","volume":"2007","author":"Fader M","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","unstructured":"European Association of Urology Nurses (EAUN).Catheterisation Indwelling catheters in Adults \u2010 Urethral and Suprapubic; 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