{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,18]],"date-time":"2026-04-18T00:05:36Z","timestamp":1776470736059,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,18]],"date-time":"2024-01-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1705536000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neurourology and Urodynamics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study aimed to determine the anxiety levels of caregivers who performed clean intermittent catheterization (CIC) on their children and the factors affecting them.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This descriptive study was conducted between January 6, and May 29, 2023 with caregivers of 42 patients who were followed up by the pediatric nephrology outpatient clinic of a university for CIC. The study data were collected using the \u201cParticipant Information Form\u201d and the \u201cState and Trait Anxiety Scale.\u201d<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>According to the results, of the children included in the study, 73.8% were female, 64.3% were diagnosed with spina bifida (SB), and 76.2% received CIC applications 4\u20136 times a day. All the caregivers were mothers, and 76.2% received CIC training from a doctor. However, 78.6% of them found the training insufficient, leading them to rely on self\u2010experimentation when applying CIC to their own children. None of the caregivers received information or training on the CIC application from nurses, and there were no home visits or telephone counseling provided after the hospital discharge. The mean score for the state anxiety scale among the caregivers was 45.90\u2009\u00b1\u200910.57, while the mean score for the trait anxiety scale was 46.92\u2009\u00b1\u20098.43. Significantly higher mean trait anxiety scores were observed among caregivers with chronic diseases who did not receive training on the CIC application (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Additionally, caregivers of children who experienced 3\u20134 urinary tract infections (UTIs) within the last 3 months also had significantly higher mean trait anxiety scores (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). The mean trait anxiety level scores of caregivers of children who had 3\u20134 UTIs in the last 3 months were significantly higher (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>It was concluded that caregivers' lack of training on CIC implementation, having chronic disease, and having frequent UTIs in their children were effective on anxiety levels.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.25388","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,19]],"date-time":"2024-01-19T06:05:13Z","timestamp":1705644313000},"page":"738-747","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Investigation of anxiety levels in caregivers who perform clean intermittent catheterization on their children and affecting factors"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"43","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3686-5343","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Canan","family":"Sari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Care Services, Elderly Care Program, Tonya Vocational School Trabzon University Trabzon Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7533-7201","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Birsel C.","family":"Demirba\u011f","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, Public Health Nursing AB Karadeniz Technical University Trabzon Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,18]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","first-page":"149","article-title":"A current view on nurses and caregivers education in the practice of clean \u0131ntermittent catheterization","volume":"8","author":"Sar\u0131 C","year":"2023","journal-title":"Health Acad Kastamonu"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/WON.0000000000000576"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jocn.13146"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/rnj.306"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/WON.0000000000000476"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.NURSE.0000544216.23783.bc"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12968\/bjon.2018.27.6.296"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/651091"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2011.07.108"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","first-page":"910","article-title":"Clean intermittent catheterization and urinary tract infection: review and guide for future research","volume":"110","author":"Wyndaele JJ","year":"2012","journal-title":"BJU Int"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.20610"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2004.09.032"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.54061\/jphn.1093602"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"State\u2010Trait Anxiety Inventory Handbook","author":"Oner N","year":"1985"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2020.105020"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Effect of gastrostomy tube feeding education on parents of children with gastrostomy","volume":"13","author":"Suluhan D","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nutr Clin Pract"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2019.09.047"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.23283"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5152\/tud.2010.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.23746"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.23789"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.23562"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/wvn.12231"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","unstructured":"National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Infection: prevention and control of healthcare\u2010associated infections in primary and community care.2012. Accessed April 10 23.http:\/\/tinyurl.com\/kbjz3ob"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","unstructured":"National Institute for Heath and Care Excellence. Urinary incontinence in neurological disease: management of lower urinary tract dysfunction in neurological disease.2012. Accessed\u00a0March 12 23.http:\/\/tinyurl.com\/pfamjjs"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpurol.2016.02.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","unstructured":"Turkish UrologyAssociation. EAU guidelines.2023. Accessed March 12 2023.https:\/\/www.uroturk.org.tr"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","unstructured":"TuncT.Urinary tract in pediatric patients undergoing clean intermittent catheterization infection frequency and factors affecting the occurrence of infection. Master's thesis.\u00a0Bilim University Institute of Health Sciences;\u00a02015."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/scs.12684"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","first-page":"31","article-title":"Effect of an intervention on performance regarding change of tracheostomy tube among the caregivers of the patient","volume":"31","author":"Nagi M","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hint J Neurosurg"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11096-015-0207-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-019-1274-0"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_34_1","first-page":"133","article-title":"Clean intermittent patients with neurogenic bladder who undergo catheterization and patients with normal bladder and recurrent microorganism types in urine cultures of children with urinary tract infections and antibiotic resistance differences","volume":"12","author":"Girgen \u0130","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pamukkale Med J"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_11_35_1","first-page":"243","article-title":"Neurogenic bladder in children efficacy of clean intermittent catheterization with antibacterial catheter","volume":"69","author":"Telli O","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ankara Univ Med Faculty J"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00455-017-9801-7"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_11_37_1","article-title":"Psychological interventions for parents of children and adolescents with chronic illness","volume":"18","author":"Law E","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"}],"container-title":["Neurourology and Urodynamics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/nau.25388","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,21]],"date-time":"2024-06-21T05:38:50Z","timestamp":1718948330000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/nau.25388"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,18]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/nau.25388"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/nau.25388","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0733-2467","1520-6777"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0733-2467","type":"print"},{"value":"1520-6777","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-09-27","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-12-21","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-01-18","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}