{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T22:38:44Z","timestamp":1780612724068,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,6]],"date-time":"2024-02-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1707177600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neurourology and Urodynamics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sacral nerve stimulators (SNSs) are a widely accepted, efficacious surgical option to treat patients who have failed conservative management for overactive bladder, nonobstructive urinary retention, fecal incontinence, or pelvic pain. As with all implanted devices, there are associated risks for surgical site and implant infections. There are currently no clear published data or guidelines regarding treating such infections.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>We present a scoping review aiming to examine the existing literature on the treatment approaches of infected SNSs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A scoping review was conducted using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta\u2010Analysis. The search strategy focused on \u201csacral modulation,\u201d and \u201cinfection,\u201d and \u201cexplantation,\u201d and conservative management methods such as \u201cantibiotics.\u201d A search was conducted on medical databases, and a grey literature search was performed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Thirty articles were included for data extraction. Articles were published between 2006 and 2022. Outcomes were reported for 7446 patients. Two hundred and seventy\u2010four infection events were reported, giving an overall 3.7% infection rate. Most infection events were treated with explantation, although there is some discussion on the role of conservative management using oral and intravenous antibiotics in the literature. Articles also discussed considerations for future reimplantation after explantation of SNS.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>There are currently no treatment protocols in the literature to help guide whether a patient is suited to conservative or surgical management. There is future scope for developing treatment algorithms to guide clinicians for optimal treatment of infected sacral neuromodulation devices.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.25411","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,7]],"date-time":"2024-02-07T09:32:17Z","timestamp":1707298337000},"page":"579-594","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Treatment of the infected sacral nerve stimulator: A scoping review"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"43","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1810-5906","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jessica","family":"Wynn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, University Hospital Geelong Barwon Health Geelong Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7592-9410","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ellen","family":"Kelsey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, University Hospital Geelong Barwon Health Geelong Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathryn","family":"McLeod","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, University Hospital Geelong Barwon Health Geelong Australia"},{"name":"Faculty of Health Deakin University School of Medicine Geelong Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/eog.12.60"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ner.12565"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11934-017-0663-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2022.08.453"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"AlmosaieedB GhoniemG.Sacral neuromodulation device infection: analysis of risk factors. 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