{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T00:51:30Z","timestamp":1790211090907,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,14]],"date-time":"2024-02-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1707868800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neurourology and Urodynamics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>To explore the effect of blocking galectin\u20103 in the bladder pain syndrome associated with interstitial cystitis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A galectin\u20103 inhibitor was used to treat mice with cyclophosphamide\u2010induced cystitis. The expression of galectin\u20103 in bladder tissues and urine was examined by immunohistochemistry and enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), respectively. Suprapubic\u2010pelvic pain, bladder voiding, bladder pain\u2010like nociceptive behavior, and referred hyperalgesia were assessed. The weights of the bladders were also measured, and inflammatory cell infiltration and inflammatory cytokine levels were examined by histopathological evaluation. The inflammatory cytokines interleukin 1\u03b2 (IL\u20101\u03b2), nerve growth factor (NGF), IL\u20106, and tumor necrosis factor \u03b1 (TNF\u2010\u03b1) were measured by ELISA.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Increases in galectin\u20103 levels, inflammation, bladder weight, and bladder pain\u2010related symptoms were observed in bladders with cyclophosphamide\u2010induced cystitis. Administration of the galectin\u20103 inhibitor significantly mitigated bladder pain\u2010related symptoms and inflammatory response. In response to the 500\u2009\u03bcM dose of the galectin\u20103 inhibitor, nociceptive behaviors, nociceptive score, and bladder\u2010to\u2010body weight ratios were reduced by 65.1%, 65.3%, and 40.3%, respectively, while 500\u2009\u03bcM Gal\u20103 inhibitor increased pelvic pain threshold by 86.7%. Moreover, galectin\u20103 inhibitor treatment inhibited the inflammation. Compared to untreated CYP\u2010induced mice, there were significant changes in the levels of IL\u20101\u03b2 (41.72\u2009\u00b1\u20092.05 vs. 18.91\u2009\u00b1\u20092.26\u2009pg\/mg tissues), NGF (9.64\u2009\u00b1\u20090.38 vs. 1.88\u2009\u00b1\u20090.05\u2009pg\/mg tissues), IL\u20106 (42.67\u2009+\u20091.51 vs. 21.26\u2009+\u20092.78\u2009pg\/mg tissues, and TNF\u2010\u03b1 (22.02\u2009\u00b1\u20091.08 vs. 10.70\u2009\u00b1\u20090.80\u2009pg\/mg tissues) in response to the highest dose of the Gal\u20103 inhibitor subgroup (500\u2009\u03bcM), and 500\u2009\u03bcM Gal\u20103 inhibitor reduced mast cell infiltration ratios by 71.8%.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The galectin\u20103 inhibitor relieved pelvic pain, urinary symptoms, and bladder inflammation in mice with cyclophosphamide\u2010induced cystitis. Thus, galectin\u20103 inhibitors may be novel agents in interstitial cystitis treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.25415","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,15]],"date-time":"2024-02-15T07:55:29Z","timestamp":1707983729000},"page":"754-766","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["The effects of a galectin\u20103 inhibitor on bladder pain syndrome in mice with cyclophosphamide\u2010induced cystitis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Helong","family":"Xiao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Hebei Medical University Shijiazhuang Hebei China"},{"name":"Department of Urology Hebei General Hospital Shijiazhuang Hebei China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ting","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University Shijiazhuang Hebei China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bo","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Hebei General Hospital Shijiazhuang Hebei China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4535-020X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Junjiang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Hebei General Hospital Shijiazhuang Hebei China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shoubin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Hebei General Hospital Shijiazhuang Hebei China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-0581-1718","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jianguo","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University Shijiazhuang Hebei China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2010.06.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JU.0000000000002756"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4615-1267-7_7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00418-005-0142-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biom10030389"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keaa305"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0227306"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2022.108939"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","first-page":"708","article-title":"Problems of distemper immunization. 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