{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T12:38:52Z","timestamp":1772195932886,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,14]],"date-time":"2024-11-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1731542400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neurourology and Urodynamics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background and Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study aimed to assess the prevalence of urinary incontinence (UI) and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in five selected low and middle\u2010income countries to provide appropriate evidence for other related studies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this multinational population\u2010based cross\u2010sectional survey between August 2019 and April 2021, validated questionnaires were used to assess LUTS in adults over 18 years from Iran, Egypt, Bangladesh, Brazil, and Cameroon.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 1477 participants from five countries completed the questionnaires. The mean age of participants was 43.5\u2009\u00b1\u200915.7 years. 37.1% reported at least one episode of UI per week. UUI prevalence in different countries analysis showed that the commonest prevalence was reported in Cameron (40.0%; <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200930), while the lowest was 15.0% (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200931) in Brazil. Stress UI was common in Iran (38.7%; <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009338), and Bangladesh had the lowest rate (7.8%; <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200916). Urinary urgency was the common LUTS among participants (59.9%, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009818 out of 1477 participants). Nocturia was the other prevalent symptom among cases (50.6%; 748 out of 1477 cases), and this symptom had a higher rate in elderly populations. Men reported voiding and postmicturition symptoms more frequently than women. Storage symptoms except for nocturia, including frequency, urgency, and UI were common in women while voiding symptoms, including straining, and intermittency were reported more frequently in men than women.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>A high prevalence of urinary symptoms was reported in low to middle\u2010income countries.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.25623","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,15]],"date-time":"2024-11-15T07:39:15Z","timestamp":1731656355000},"page":"294-304","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Population\u2010Based Survey of Urinary Incontinence, Overactive Bladder, and Other Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms in Five Developing Countries: Results of the BEBIC Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"44","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1494-7097","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sakineh","family":"Hajebrahimi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Evidence\u2010Based Medicine, Iranian EBM Centre: A JBI Centre of Excellence Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran"},{"name":"Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cristiano M.","family":"Gomes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine University of Sao Paulo Sao Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fereshteh","family":"Farhadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Evidence\u2010Based Medicine, Iranian EBM Centre: A JBI Centre of Excellence Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hasina Sadia","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Urology &amp; Transplantation Centre, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University Dhaka Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0396-8709","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Homayoun","family":"Sadeghi\u2010Bazarghani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Evidence\u2010Based Medicine, Iranian EBM Centre: A JBI Centre of Excellence Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sherif","family":"Mourad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Urology Department, ICS Developing World Committee Ain Shams University Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luiz","family":"Dias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Faculdade de Medicina de Jundiai Jundia\u00ed Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maico P.","family":"Alflen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Faculdade de Medicina de Jundiai Jundia\u00ed Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joao C.","family":"Falone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Faculdade de Medicina de Jundiai Jundia\u00ed Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1540-6479","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mahtab","family":"Zargham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pelvic Floor Research Center, Urology Department of School Medicine Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Isfahan Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Achille Aurelien","family":"Mbassi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Provincial Hospital Maroua Cameroon"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1877-9089","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abbasali","family":"Pourmomeny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pelvic Floor Research Center, Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Isfahan Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Farbod","family":"Alineghad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hamidreza","family":"Ashayeri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Student Research Committee Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0594-9189","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Azar","family":"Daneshpajooh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Kerman University of Medical Sciences Kerman Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sona","family":"Tayebi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9030-2106","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hanieh","family":"Salehi\u2010Pourmehr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Evidence\u2010Based Medicine, Iranian EBM Centre: A JBI Centre of Excellence Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.2008.07601.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.20798"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2006.09.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.22213"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0090-4295(97)00717-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.2009.08438.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.2005.05573.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1110897"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.24342"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.2009.08427.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-015-2626-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2021.04.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.24338"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22037\/uj.v0i0.5053"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.23446"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.23828"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/luts.12308"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-021-02135-8"},{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","first-page":"94","article-title":"Prevalence of Urinary Incontinence in Iranian Women: Systematic Review and Meta\u2010Analysis","volume":"21","author":"Rashidi F.","year":"2019","journal-title":"The Iranian Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Infertility"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10112314"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.6118\/jmm.19201"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.20457"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci11060712"}],"container-title":["Neurourology and Urodynamics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/nau.25623","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,3]],"date-time":"2025-02-03T10:18:30Z","timestamp":1738577910000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/nau.25623"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,14]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/nau.25623"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/nau.25623","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0733-2467","1520-6777"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0733-2467","type":"print"},{"value":"1520-6777","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-07-18","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-10-21","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-11-14","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}