{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T09:53:26Z","timestamp":1773741206115,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,17]],"date-time":"2025-03-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742169600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neurourology and Urodynamics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>The objective of the current study was to test the beneficial effects of a GnRH analog, leuprolide acetate (LA), over the urinary function in a rat model of lower urinary dysfunction by cystometry and electromyography in fully awake conditions in males with and without SCI.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Male Wistar rats that underwent spinal cord compression at T10 level were divided into three groups consisting of (1) SHAM, (2) SCI, and (3) SCI\u2009+\u2009LA 10\u2009\u03bcg\/kg i.m. (once a day for 3 days, then every 72\u2009h until complete 13 doses). We then conducted awake cystometrograms and electromyograms of the external urethral sphincter (EUS) and compared urodynamic parameters between the three groups. The expression of Gonadotropin\u2010releasing hormone receptor (GnRH\u2010R) on the urinary bladder was evaluated and compared among three groups by real\u2010time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Additionally, the hind limb movements related to micturition were analyzed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>SCI induces detrusor sphincter dyssynergia, urinary malfunction, increased mRNA expression for the GnRH receptor in the urinary bladder in injured rats and increased hind limb movements related to micturition. Meanwhile, treatment with LA partially reverses these changes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The potential of LA for the treatment of urinary disorders associated with SCI opens the way to a new therapeutic option for individuals with SCI who would like to have an impact on their daily lives.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.70031","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,17]],"date-time":"2025-03-17T11:28:51Z","timestamp":1742210931000},"page":"944-955","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Modulation of Gonadotropin\u2010Releasing Hormone Receptor Improves Voiding Hyperreflexia and Detrusor Sphincter Dyssynergia in Male Rats With Severe Spinal Cord Injury"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Daniel","family":"Medina\u2010Aguinaga","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Fisiolog\u00eda y Farmacolog\u00eda Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Aguascalientes Aguascalientes Mexico"},{"name":"Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology University of Louisville Louisville Kentucky USA"},{"name":"Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center University of Louisville Louisville Kentucky USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5726-0810","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alvaro","family":"Munoz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Universitario del Norte, Universidad de Guadalajara Colotl\u00e1n Jalisco Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Moises","family":"Altamira\u2010Camacho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Fisiolog\u00eda y Farmacolog\u00eda Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Aguascalientes Aguascalientes Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0961-6365","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jorge","family":"Arellano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Tlaxcala de Biolog\u00eda de la Conducta Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Tlaxcala Tlaxcala M\u00e9xico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ricardo","family":"Juarez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Universitario del Norte, Universidad de Guadalajara Colotl\u00e1n Jalisco Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mart\u00edn Humberto","family":"Mu\u00f1oz\u2010Ortega","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Fisiolog\u00eda y Farmacolog\u00eda Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Aguascalientes Aguascalientes Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Charles","family":"Hubscher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology University of Louisville Louisville Kentucky USA"},{"name":"Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center University of Louisville Louisville Kentucky USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0448-2628","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yolanda","family":"Cruz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Tlaxcala de Biolog\u00eda de la Conducta Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Tlaxcala Tlaxcala M\u00e9xico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J. 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