{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,15]],"date-time":"2025-08-15T00:05:47Z","timestamp":1755216347952,"version":"3.43.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,27]],"date-time":"2025-06-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750982400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neurourology and Urodynamics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Increased volume of the urinary bladder causes urge to urinate and constricts the sphincter by increasing the tonus of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS). Activity of the autonomic nervous system (or sympatho\u2010vagal balance) can be assessed by heart rate variability (HRV). Current study aimed to test in healthy young male participants whether HRV technique reflects increased sympathovagal balance during bladder distention as revealed by strong urge to urinate.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of young and apparently healthy 11 males agreed to participate to the current study. They were asked to provide 5\u2010min continuous electrocardiogram (ECG) recordings in supine position for determination of HRV on two occasions, i.e. before and approximately for 3\u00bd hours after withholding urination. HRV parameters included heart rate (HR, per min), total power (TP, ms<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>), and standard deviation of RR intervals (SDNN, ms); percentage of successive RR intervals that were different \u2265\u200950\u2009ms (pNN50), low frequency (LF) and high frequency (HF) bands and their normalized units (LFnu and HFnu, respectively) and their ratios (LF\/HF). Half of the students provided samples on both occasions and those data were compared by paired <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\u2010test following log10 transformation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Withholding urination did not change HR (from 80.0\u2009\u00b1\u20094.1 to 84.5\u2009\u00b1\u20093.1 per min, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.135) but decreased total power (from 2692\u2009\u00b1\u2009802 to 1605\u2009\u00b1\u2009357 ms<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.008), SDNN (from 50.4\u2009\u00b1\u20095.8 to 38.7\u2009\u00b1\u20093.8\u2009ms, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.007) and pNN50 (from 15.6\u2009\u00b1\u20093.3 to 5.9\u2009\u00b1\u20092.6%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.016) and increased LFnu (from 57.3\u2009\u00b1\u20095.3 to 65.1\u2009\u00b1\u20094.5, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.029) and LF\/HF ratio (from 1.77\u2009\u00b1\u20090. 73 to 2.42\u2009\u00b1\u20090.47, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.047).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Increased LF\/HF together with decreased SDNN and pNN50 suggest that HRV successfully reflects increased sympathetic tonus over the parasympathetic to help accommodate the urine in the bladder. Moreover, it seems that HRV can be used to assess sympathovagal changes non\u2010invasively during voiding. Additionally, it appears that in all HRV measurements, participants should not have postponed their urination during recording.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.70105","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,27]],"date-time":"2025-06-27T05:15:00Z","timestamp":1751001300000},"page":"1512-1520","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Cardiac Autonomic Control Reflects Sympathovagal Changes Associated With Withholding Urination"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Ahmad","family":"Alabdo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine University of Inonu Malatya Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ba\u015fak","family":"Oflazo\u011flu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine University of Inonu Malatya Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mehmet Mustafa","family":"Ku\u015f","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine University of Inonu Malatya Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P\u0131nar","family":"\u00c7akan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine University of Health Sciences Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seda","family":"U\u011fra\u015f","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine Mardin Artuklu University Mardin Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7872-790X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sedat","family":"Y\u0131ld\u0131z","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology University of Inonu Malatya Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/465161"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.JURO.2009.03.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.14.5.511"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.CLINPH.2005.09.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2023.1055445"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/JOURNAL.PONE.0180423"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4187\/RESPCARE.05672"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.IJPSYCHO.2017.11.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.PSYCHRES.2017.08.062"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.AHJ.2008.07.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.CLNU.2007.11.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0180060"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.114.009778"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.20641"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2014.01040"},{"volume-title":"Manual for the State\u2010Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI)","year":"1983","author":"Spielberger C. 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