{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T12:15:43Z","timestamp":1791375343655,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]],"date-time":"2025-11-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762819200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]],"date-time":"2025-11-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762819200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neurourology and Urodynamics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Urological disposables, including catheters, stents, irrigation systems, and incontinence pads, are essential in functional urology but generate large volumes of nonbiodegradable waste. Intermittent self\u2010catheterization is the gold standard for impaired bladder emptying, while disposable pads are a frequent first\u2010line coping strategy for incontinence. Their widespread use presents a growing environmental challenge in healthcare.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>At the 2025 International Consultation on Incontinence\u2014Research Society meeting, a dedicated session examined sustainability in urological disposables. Three questions were addressed: (1) how to define and measure sustainability, (2) whether sustainable alternatives are clinically effective and safe compared to conventional products, and for which patient groups, and (3) whether disposables are cost\u2010effective when environmental and health system costs are included.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sustainability assessment involves life cycle analysis, carbon and water footprint evaluation, material composition, and waste generation. Existing sustainability studies are limited, non\u2010comparative, and methodologically inconsistent, often using variable definitions and incomplete life cycle boundaries. Reusable incontinence pads and catheters generally have a lower environmental impact than single\u2010use designs. Clinical outcomes, including infection rates and safety, are largely comparable between reusable and single\u2010use catheters, though user preference often favors single\u2010use products for convenience. Economic evaluations rarely incorporate environmental impacts, but proposed methods include monetizing emissions, converting environmental effects into health outcomes, and applying multi\u2010criteria decision\u2010making to integrate sustainability alongside clinical and economic performance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Advancing sustainable continence care requires standardised metrics, integration of environmental costs into economic evaluations, and patient\u2010centered product innovation, supported by collaboration between clinicians, policymakers, and industry.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.70174","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]],"date-time":"2025-11-11T11:43:36Z","timestamp":1762861416000},"page":"969-977","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["What Data Do We Need to Show the Cost and Clinical Effectiveness, Bearing in Mind Sustainability, of Urological Disposables in Different Patient Groups? ICI\u2010RS 2025"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"45","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2644-1803","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"George","family":"Bou Kheir","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology ERN eUROGEN Accredited Centrum Ghent University Hospital Ghent Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9123-5352","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angela","family":"Rantell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urogynaecology King's College Hospital London and College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9223-4925","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claire","family":"Hentzen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GRC 01, GREEN Group of Clinical REsEarch in Neurourology, AP\u2010HP, Ho\u0302pital Piti\u00e9 Salp\u00e9tri\u00e8re Sorbonne University Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3069-3066","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Efstathios","family":"Papaefstathiou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Urology Department 424 Military Hospital Thessaloniki Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-3692-1781","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mauro","family":"Van den Ende","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology ERN eUROGEN Accredited Centrum Ghent University Hospital Ghent Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8678-4448","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Sofia","family":"Da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urogynaecology King's College Hospital London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1757-2569","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michel","family":"Wyndaele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology ERN eUROGEN Accredited Center University Medical Center Utrecht Utrecht The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3159-8012","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andries","family":"Van Huele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology AZ Alma Eeklo Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Urology Ghent University Hospital Ghent Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7090-2091","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sanjay","family":"Sinha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Apollo Hospital Hyderabad India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2776-2200","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paul","family":"Abrams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bristol Urological Institute, Southmead Hospital Bristol Bristol UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-90997-4_20"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","unstructured":"Grand View Research 2023 \u201cIncontinence Pads Market Size Share & Trends Analysis Report by Product Type by Patient by End\u2010Use by Distribution Channel by Region and Segment Forecasts 2023\u20132030 \u201d accessed August 10 2025 https:\/\/www.grandviewresearch.com\/industry-analysis\/incontinence-pads-market-report."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cont.2023.100597"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.23562"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","unstructured":"G. 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