{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T04:10:47Z","timestamp":1778818247932,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772928000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772928000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004663","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MOST 106\u20102320\u2010B\u2010003 \u2010002\u2010MY3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST 106\u20102320\u2010B\u2010003 \u2010002\u2010MY3"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neurourology and Urodynamics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cyclophosphamide (CYP) may through its toxic metabolite, acrolein, induce hemorrhagic cystitis and bladder hyperactivity. Previous studies demonstrated intra\u2010iliac arterial administration of adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSC)\u2010derived microvesicles with less immune response and adverse effects than ADSC itself may confer anti\u2010oxidative stress and anti\u2010inflammatory potential to improve bladder dysfunction. We explored whether ADSC\u2010derived microvesicles may prevent CYP\u2010induced bladder cystitis and overactivity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Female Wistar rats were divided into control (Con), CYP (Cy), CYP+microvesicles (CyM), and microvesicles treated control (CoM) groups. Con rats were intraperitoneally treated with saline, while the Cy rats were induced by intraperitoneally administered CYP (100\u2009mg\/kg body weight). We injected ADSC\u2010derived microvesicles at the dosage of 15\u2009\u03bcg\/ml via intra\u2010iliac artery to the rats with or without CYP treatment. We measured the responses of transcystometrogram, pathology, expression of muscarinic receptors (M3) and purinergic receptors (P2X7), pyroptosis related Caspase 1 and IL\u20101\u03b2, xCT\/Gpx4 related ferroptosis by western blot in CYP\u2010treated bladders. Wire myography of the urinary bladder was determined.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>ADSC\u2010derived microvesicles effectively decreased micturition frequency (overactivity), inflammation and fibrosis in CyM rats versus Cy rats. ADSC\u2010derived microvesicles efficiently downregulated P2X7 and M3 receptor expression, Caspase 1\/IL\u20101\u03b2 mediated pyroptosis, xCT\/Gpx4 regulated ferroptosis and restored Bcl\u20102\/HO\u20101 mediated antioxidant defense mechanisms in CYP\u2010induced cystitis. The pathologic results also displayed the effective reduction of bladder immune cell infiltration (inflammation) and fibrosis, and the preservation of the integrity in the urothelium by the treatment of ADSC\u2010derived microvesicles.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>ADSC\u2010derived microvesicles can ameliorate CYP\u2010induced bladder overactivity, inflammation, fibrosis, ferroptosis and pyroptosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.70242","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T04:08:11Z","timestamp":1773029291000},"page":"819-834","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Adipose Mesenchymal Stem Cells\u2010Derived Microvesicles Ameliorate Cyclophosphamide\u2010Induced Cystitis via Inhibiting Pyroptosis and Ferroptosis in Rats"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Hung\u2010Keng","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Urology, Department of Surgery Far\u2010Eastern Memorial Hospital New Taipei City Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Life Science School of Life Science, College of Science National Taiwan Normal University Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yu\u2010Hsuan","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Science School of Life Science, College of Science National Taiwan Normal University Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Meng\u2010Che","family":"Ly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Science School of Life Science, College of Science National Taiwan Normal University Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bing\u2011Juin","family":"Chiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology College of Medicine Fu\u2011Jen Catholic University New Taipei City Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Urology Cardinal Tien Hospital New Taipei City Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chiang\u2010Ting","family":"Chien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Science School of Life Science, College of Science National Taiwan Normal University Taipei 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