{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T05:25:04Z","timestamp":1786944304724,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774483200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774483200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neurourology and Urodynamics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the clinical efficacy of low\u2010frequency electrical stimulation (LES) in treating UI among postpartum women.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Postpartum women diagnosed with UI who received treatment at two tertiary hospitals between 1st January and 30th June 2020 were included. Patients received one of two regiments: (1) 10 sessions of functional electrical stimulation (FES) at 30\u221240\u2009Hz combined with biofeedback (FES\u2010BF group); (2) 4 sessions of LES (2\u221210\u2009Hz) followed by 6 sessions of FES combined with biofeedback (LES\u2010BF group). The primary outcome was the improvement in urine leakage frequency according to a 7\u2010day bladder diary. The secondary outcomes included cure, severity of UI, quality of life, pelvic floor muscle strength, surface electromyography levels, pain intensity, and pelvic organ prolapse quantification. Multivariate logistic regression and double robust analysis were conducted.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 217 women were involved (LES\u2010BF vs. FES\u2010BF: 102 vs. 115). The LES\u2010BF group demonstrated a significantly higher cure rate in urinary leakage frequency compared to the FES\u2010BF group (36 [35.3%] vs. 25 [21.7%],\n                      <jats:italic>\u03c7<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00b2\u2009=\u20094.915,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.027, OR\u2009=\u20092.85 [95% CI: 1.32 to 6.17]), which confirmed by doubly robust analysis (OR\u2009=\u20093.46, 95% CI: 1.66 to 7.19). We also found superior pelvic muscles strength recovery in the LES\u2010BF group compared to FES\u2010BF group (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The combination of LES and FES was associated with a significant short\u2010term cure in postpartum UI over FES alone. This protocol could be a candidate treatment option for UI, justifying further validation in randomized controlled trials.\n                      <jats:bold>Clinical trial registration:<\/jats:bold>\n                      This study was registered at the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR19000 21717).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.70273","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T08:03:36Z","timestamp":1774512216000},"page":"1077-1085","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Low\u2010Frequency Stimulation Provides Significant Added Benefit for Postpartum Urinary Incontinence: A Retrospective Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Yaxin","family":"Liang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Beijing Hospital National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Beijing P.R.China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information Center, Beijing Hospital National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Beijing P.R.China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tianzi","family":"Gai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Beijing Hospital National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Beijing P.R.China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College Graduate School Beijing 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