{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T04:10:02Z","timestamp":1778818202537,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773878400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773878400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neurourology and Urodynamics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Interstitial cystitis\/bladder pain syndrome (IC\/BPS) is marked by chronic pelvic pain and urinary symptoms, affecting millions. Hunner\u2010type IC (HIC), representing ~20% of cases, is characterized by distinct inflammatory pathology and worse symptom severity. Despite evidence of sex\u2010based differences in IC\/BPS, data specific to HIC remains sparse. This study examined sex differences in clinical presentation, management, and outcomes in HIC patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Single\u2010center retrospective analysis of 114 patients with confirmed HIC managed between 2011 and 2024. We assessed sex\u2010based differences across clinical presentation, diagnostic timelines, treatments, and quality of life. Cox proportional hazards models identified predictors of repeat fulguration and cystectomy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Among 114 patients (68% female with median age of 68 years) females reported more anxiety (33.3% vs. 13.9%, OR 3.13,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.04), recurrent\/multidrug\u2010resistant UTIs (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001, OR 8.37,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.02), and pelvic pain (55.1% vs. 30.6%, OR 2.50,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.02), longer wait times to biopsy 2.94 versus 0.77 months,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.026), and underwent more bladder instillations (32.9% vs. 11.8%, OR 3.57\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.02). Males more frequently reported nocturia (33.3% vs. 12.8%, OR 3.4,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.02). In multivariate analysis, male sex (HR 3.69,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.006), greater Hunner lesion burden on first cystoscopy (HR 1.35,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.035), and absence of pelvic pain (HR 0.33,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.031) independently predicted repeat fulguration; protection was associated with anticholinergic\/beta\u2010agonist use (HR 0.14,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.003). Cystectomy was predicted by MDR\u2010UTI (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), narcotic use (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.009), neuromodulation history (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.016), recurrent UTIs (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.031), and hematuria (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.004), independent of sex.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sex\u2010based differences in HIC presentation and management exist despite comparable disease severity, with females showing higher symptom burden and male sex predicting repeat fulguration. Cystectomy progression was driven by clinical severity markers rather than sex. These findings support the need for sex\u2010stratified diagnostic and treatment algorithms and prospective validation studies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.70274","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]],"date-time":"2026-03-20T06:48:01Z","timestamp":1773989281000},"page":"698-704","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Gender Disparities in Procedural Management of Hunner Lesion Interstitial Cystitis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Christina","family":"Sze","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas Texas USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carolina Martinez","family":"Fernandez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Texas Southwestern Medical School Dallas Texas 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