{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T12:00:39Z","timestamp":1789992039333,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789948800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789948800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neurourology and Urodynamics"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The aim of this RCT is to compare the efficacy of sacral transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) with oxybutynin in children with overactive bladder (OAB), focusing on subjective &amp; objective treatment response, adverse effects, and relapse rates.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this prospective randomized controlled study, 82 children aged 5\u201318 years with refractory OAB were randomized to receive either sacral TENS (30 sessions; 20\u2009min each (10\u2009Hz) daily; for 4 weeks) or oral oxybutynin (0.2\u2009mg\/kg\/day for 4 weeks). Outcomes were assessed using subjective response categories based on bladder diaries and objective measures including the Overactive Bladder Index (OABI) and Dysfunctional Voiding Symptom Score (DVSS). Adverse effects and relapse during 6\u201312 months of follow\u2010up were recorded.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      There was no significant difference between age\/sex distributions between the groups. Median follow\u2010up was 9 (6\u201312) months. Complete response was significantly higher with TENS than oxybutynin (68.3% vs. 31.7%; OR 4.63, 95% CI 1.8\u201311.7;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.001). Mean improvement in OABI (4.6\u2009\u00b1\u20091.4 vs. 3.7\u2009\u00b1\u20091.0;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.001) and DVSS (8.8\u2009\u00b1\u20091.5 vs. 5.7\u2009\u00b1\u20091.3;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.001) favored TENS. Adverse effects (4.9% vs. 46.3%) and relapse rates (7.3% vs. 29.3%) were significantly lower with TENS.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sacral TENS was associated with higher response rates and fewer adverse effects than oxybutynin in this cohort supporting its role as an effective and well\u2010tolerated therapeutic option for pediatric OAB. Further larger trials are warranted.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.70451","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T11:08:21Z","timestamp":1789988901000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Sacral Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation Versus Oxybutynin in Children With Overactive Bladder: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-8954-3754","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sathyamurthy","family":"Arunaa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Urology, Sri Ramachandra Faculty of Allied Health Science Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education &amp; Research Chennai India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4831-5795","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ramesh","family":"Babu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Urology Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education &amp; Research Chennai India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ramasundaram","family":"Madhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Surgery Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education &amp; Research Chennai India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sambandan","family":"Kumaravel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Surgery Jawaharlal Nehru Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education &amp; Research Pondicherry India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1863","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2014.01.110","article-title":"The Standardization of Terminology of Lower Urinary Tract Function in Children and Adolescents: Update Report From the Standardization Committee of the International Children's Continence Society","volume":"191","author":"Austin P. 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P.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Pediatric Urology"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","first-page":"337","article-title":"Pharmacologic Management of Overactive Bladder","volume":"2","author":"Lam S.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clinical Interventions in Aging"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.5213\/inj.1938232.116","article-title":"Role of Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation in Treating Children with Overactive Bladder From Pooled Analysis of 8 Randomized Controlled Trials","volume":"24","author":"Cui H.","year":"2020","journal-title":"International Neurourology Journal"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2016.08.061","article-title":"Solifenacin in Children and Adolescents With Overactive Bladder: Results of a Phase 3 Randomised Clinical Trial","volume":"71","author":"Newgreen D.","year":"2017","journal-title":"European Urology"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpurol.2016.03.011","article-title":"Parasacral Transcutaneous Electrical Stimulation for Overactive Bladder in Children: An Assessment Per Session","volume":"12","author":"Veiga M. 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