{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T12:40:43Z","timestamp":1792586443342,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792540800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792540800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neurourology and Urodynamics"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Nocturia is a common urological symptom whose prevalence increases progressively with age. It not only impairs sleep and quality of life but also increases the risk of adverse events, including falls and fractures. Clinical management remains limited by inadequate evaluation of underlying etiologies, imprecise phenotyping, and suboptimal therapeutic responses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To facilitate standardized diagnostic and therapeutic strategies, we reviewed and summarized relevant literature published over the past decade. Focusing on four major subtypes, nocturnal polyuria (NP), diminished bladder capacity (DBC), global polyuria (GP), and sleep disorder\u2010predominant nocturia (SDP), we developed a clinical framework integrating precise assessment, phenotypic classification, and individualized treatment. This review compares the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying different phenotypes, identifies the voiding diary as the cornerstone of assessment, and proposes a streamlined three\u2010step clinical phenotyping algorithm. A stepwise treatment strategy tailored to different subtypes is outlined, incorporating psychological counseling, lifestyle modification, pharmacotherapy, physical therapy, and surgery.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Key Messages<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This review provides a reference for the precise and individualized management of nocturia and highlights the potential future roles of digital assessment and multidisciplinary care.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.70495","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T11:51:39Z","timestamp":1792583499000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Research Progress on the Precise Classification and Individualized Diagnosis and Treatment of Nocturia"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"given":"Xu","family":"Sheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Second Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University Hangzhou Zhejiang P. R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Xiaodan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Second Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University Hangzhou Zhejiang P. R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fan","family":"Hongqin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Second Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University Hangzhou Zhejiang P. R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4479-4231","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Duan","family":"Yue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University Hangzhou Zhejiang P. R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huang","family":"Xi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University Hangzhou Zhejiang P. R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Hanchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University Hangzhou Zhejiang P. R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6826-7367","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhang","family":"Jie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University Hangzhou Zhejiang P. R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.23917","article-title":"International Continence Society (ICS) Report on the Terminology for Nocturia and Nocturnal Lower Urinary Tract Function","volume":"38","author":"Hashim H.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurourology and Urodynamics"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4139","DOI":"10.1007\/s11357-025-01525-9","article-title":"Nocturia as a Clinical Marker of Loss of Function and Resilience or Risk Factor for Frailty in Older Adults? 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