{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]],"date-time":"2026-06-22T23:10:07Z","timestamp":1782169807317,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,1]],"date-time":"2007-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1191196800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["NMR in Biomedicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>An understanding of the role played by glutamate (Glu) in idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD) has remained somewhat elusive. Animal models of PD suggest that over\u2010activity of Glu receptors complicates the motor symptoms of PD and that Glu blockade may be a pharmacologic target in PD, whereas patient autopsy studies have proved less convincing for changes in Glu. No previous <jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup>H MRS patient studies have documented changes in glutamate. All but one of these previous studies were performed at 1.5\u2009T. We performed 3\u2009T <jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup>H MRS of the posterior cingulate gyrus in 12 non\u2010demented patients with PD and 12 age\u2010matched, neurologically normal control participants. Glu, <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2010acetylaspartate (NAA) and choline\u2010containing compounds (Cho) measured in reference to creatine\u2009+\u2009phosphocreatine (Cr) were determined from single\u2010voxel proton MR spectra measured by PRESS at <jats:italic>TE<\/jats:italic> of 80\u2009ms. The results show that the Glu\/Cr ratio was reduced in patients with PD compared with controls (<jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20092.54; P\u2009=\u20090.019), whereas no differences were observed in NAA\/Cr or Cho\/Cr ratios. These findings suggest that a reduction in Glu occurs in the cerebral cortex of patients with PD. <jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup>H MRS at 3\u2009T should be investigated in future studies as a means of tracking the course of metabolic brain changes in association with progression of disease in patients with PD. Copyright \u00a9 2007 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.1203","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,1]],"date-time":"2007-10-01T06:16:46Z","timestamp":1191219406000},"page":"381-387","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"title":["Reduced brain glutamate in patients with Parkinson's disease"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"H. 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