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To determine the effects of MDMA on cardiac metabolites in rats, MDMA (0, 5, or 10\u2009mg\/kg) was injected every 2\u2009h for a total of four injections; animals were sacrificed 2\u2009h after the last injection (8\u2009h drug exposure), and their hearts removed and tissue samples from left ventricular wall dissected. High resolution magic angle spinning proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (<jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup>H\u2010MRS) at 11.7\u2009T, a specialized version of MRS aptly suited for analysis of semi\u2010solid materials such as intact tissue samples, was used to measure the cardiac metabolomic profile, including alanine, lactate, succinate, creatine, and carnitine, in heart tissue from rats treated with MDMA. MDMA effects on MR\u2010visible choline, glutamate, glutamine, and taurine were also determined. Body temperature was measured following each MDMA administration and serotonin and norepinephrine (NE) levels were measured by high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) in heart tissue from treated animals. MDMA significantly and dose\u2010dependently increased body temperature, a hallmark of amphetamines. Serotonin, but not NE, levels were significantly and dose\u2010dependently decreased by MDMA in the heart wall. MDMA significantly altered the MR\u2010visible profile with an increase in carnitine and no change in other key compounds involved in cardiomyocyte energy metabolomics. Finally, choline levels were significantly decreased by MDMA in heart. The results are consistent with the notion that MDMA has significant effects on cardiovascular serotonergic tone and disrupts the metabolic homeostasis of energy regulation in cardiac tissue, potentially increasing utilization of fatty acid metabolism. The contributions of serotonergic signaling on MDMA\u2010induced changes in cardiac metabolism remain to be determined. Copyright \u00a9 2008 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.1352","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,4]],"date-time":"2008-11-04T12:47:54Z","timestamp":1225802874000},"page":"419-425","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Cardiac effects of MDMA on the metabolic profile determined with <sup>1<\/sup>H\u2010magnetic resonance spectroscopy in the rat"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Shane A.","family":"Perrine","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark S.","family":"Michaels","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Farhad","family":"Ghoddoussi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisabeth M.","family":"Hyde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manuel E.","family":"Tancer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew P.","family":"Galloway","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.302.3.898"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-9384(00)00235-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-133-12-200012190-00012"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(24)34877-3","article-title":"Cardiovascular and neuroendocrine effects and pharmacokinetics of 3,4\u2010methylenedioxymethamphetamine in humans","volume":"290","author":"Mas M","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. 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