{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T12:27:00Z","timestamp":1767961620279,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,10,21]],"date-time":"2005-10-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1129852800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4099,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["NMR in Biomedicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994,8]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>Cerebral metabolism was studied in the postischaemic gerbil brain using surface coil 31<\/jats:sup>P and 1<\/jats:sup>H NMR spectroscopy. The ratio of choline\u2010containing compounds (Cho) to total creatine (Cr) in the brain decreased from 0.46 \u00b1 0.02 to 0.32 \u00b1 0.02 by the fifth day following exposure to 5 min of global ischaemia and it remained at this low level for at least 19 days. The amounts of cerebral Cho as quantified by 1<\/jats:sup>H NMR in vivo<\/jats:italic> were 1.70 \u00b1 0.15 and 1.09 \u00b1 0.22 mmol\/kg in control and postischaemic animals, respectively. The T<\/jats:italic>2<\/jats:sub> of Cho was longer in the postischaemic cerebral cortex than in the control one. N<\/jats:italic>\u2010acetyl aspartate (NAA) as determined by 1<\/jats:sup>H NMR in vivo<\/jats:italic> did not differ in the two animal groups. High\u2010resolution 1<\/jats:sup>H NMR of acid\u2010extracted brain cortices showed a decrease in total Cho (glycerophosphocholine, phosphocholine and choline) by 31%, but no changes in NAA, total creatine, taurine and myo<\/jats:italic>\u2010inositol, in the brain cortex seven days postischaemia relative to control animals. The decrease in acid extractable Cho was mainly due to the drop in glycerophosphocholine concentration. 31<\/jats:sup>P NMR indicated normal energy state and phosphomonoester\/phosphocreatine (PCr) and phosphodiester\/PCr ratios in the in vivo<\/jats:italic> brain 7 days postischaemia. Silver impregnation did not reveal neuronal degeneration but immunohistochemical staining showed a number of glial fibrillary acidic protein expressing astrocytes as indicators of reactive gliosis in the postischaemic cerebral cortex. These data show, for the first time, that a 1<\/jats:sup>H NMR decrease in Cho metabolites takes place as a consequence of brief ischaemic episode even in the absence of obvious neuronal degeneration.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.1940070506","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,4]],"date-time":"2007-03-04T10:14:14Z","timestamp":1173003254000},"page":"231-236","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Decrease in brain choline\u2010containing compounds following a short period of global ischemia in gerbils as detected by 1<\/sup>H NMR spectroscopy in vivo<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Johanna","family":"Kuhmonen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juhani","family":"Sivenius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paavo J.","family":"Riekkinen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Risto A.","family":"Kauppinen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,10,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","first-page":"91","article-title":"Cerebral ischaemia studied by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy","volume":"1","author":"Williams S. 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