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This study evaluates the cerebral microvascular changes after a delayed injection of hMSCs. At day 8 after middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo), two groups of rats received an intracerebral injection in the damaged brain of either 10 \u03bcL of cell suspension medium (MCAo\u2010PBS, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20094) or 4\u2009\u00d7\u200910<jats:sup>5<\/jats:sup> hMSCs (MCAo\u2010hMSC, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20095). Two control groups of healthy rats underwent the same injection procedures in the right hemisphere (control\u2010PBS, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20096; control\u2010hMSC, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20095). The effect of hMSCs on the microvasculature was assessed by MRI using three parameters: apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), cerebral blood volume (CBV) and vessel size index (VSI). At day 9, eight additional rats were euthanised for a histological study of the microvascular parameters (CBV, VSI and vascular fraction). No ADC difference was observed between MCAo groups. One day after intracerebral injection, hMSCs abolished the CBV increase observed in the lesion (MCAo\u2010hMSC: 1.7\u2009\u00b1\u20090.1% <jats:italic>versus<\/jats:italic> MCAo\u2010PBS: 2.2\u2009\u00b1\u20090.2%) and delayed the VSI increase (vasodilation) secondary to cerebral ischaemia. Histological analysis at day 9 confirmed that hMSCs modified the microvascular parameters (CBV, VSI and vascular fraction) in the lesion. No ADC, CBV or VSI differences were observed between control groups. At the stroke post\u2010acute phase, hMSC intracerebral injection rapidly and transiently modifies the cerebral microvasculature. This microvascular effect can be monitored <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> by MRI. 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