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However, <jats:sup>31<\/jats:sup>P MRI of bone mineral is hampered by unfavorable relaxation properties. Hence, accurate knowledge of these properties is critical to optimizing MRI of bone phosphorus. In this work, <jats:sup>31<\/jats:sup>P MRI signal\u2010to\u2010noise ratio (SNR) was predicted on the basis of <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> and <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>* (effective transverse relaxation time) measured in lamb bone at six field strengths (1.5\u201311.7 T) and subsequently verified by 3D ultra\u2010short echo\u2010time and zero echo\u2010time imaging. Further, <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> was measured in deuterium\u2010exchanged bone and partially demineralized bone. <jats:sup>31<\/jats:sup>P <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>* was found to decrease from 220.3 \u00b1 4.3 \u00b5s to 98.0 \u00b1 1.4 \u00b5s from 1.5 to 11.7 T, and <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> to increase from 12.8 \u00b1 0.5 s to 97.3 \u00b1 6.4 s. Deuteron substitution of exchangeable water showed that 76% of the <jats:sup>31<\/jats:sup>P longitudinal relaxation rate is due to <jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup>H\u2013<jats:sup>31<\/jats:sup>P dipolar interactions. Lastly, hypomineralization was found to decrease <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>, which may have implications for <jats:sup>31<\/jats:sup>P MRI based mineralization density quantification. Despite the steep decrease in the <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>*\/<jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> ratio, SNR should increase with field strength as <jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>0<\/jats:sub><jats:sup>0.4<\/jats:sup> for sample\u2010dominated noise and as <jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>0<\/jats:sub><jats:sup>1.1<\/jats:sup> for coil\u2010dominated noise. This was confirmed by imaging experiments. Copyright \u00a9 2013 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.2930","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,18]],"date-time":"2013-03-18T00:42:30Z","timestamp":1363567350000},"page":"1158-1166","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["<sup>31<\/sup>P NMR relaxation of cortical bone mineral at multiple magnetic field strengths and levels of demineralization"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Alan C.","family":"Seifert","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Structural NMR Imaging, Department of Radiology University of Pennsylvania  Philadelphia PA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander C.","family":"Wright","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Structural NMR Imaging, Department of Radiology University of Pennsylvania  Philadelphia PA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suzanne L.","family":"Wehrli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NMR Core Facility Children's Hospital of Philadelphia  Philadelphia PA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henry H.","family":"Ong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Structural NMR Imaging, Department of Radiology University of Pennsylvania  Philadelphia PA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Structural NMR Imaging, Department of Radiology University of Pennsylvania  Philadelphia PA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Felix W.","family":"Wehrli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Structural NMR Imaging, Department of Radiology University of Pennsylvania  Philadelphia PA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","first-page":"239","article-title":"Chemische untersuchungen \u00fcber osteomalacische knochen","volume":"19","author":"Levy M","year":"1894","journal-title":"Z. 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