{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T04:22:28Z","timestamp":1791346948334,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,22]],"date-time":"2013-05-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1369180800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Medical Research Council","award":["G0701421"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["G0701421"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["NMR in Biomedicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Short\u2010TE MRS has been proposed recently as a method for the\n                    <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    detection and quantification of \u03b3\u2010aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the human brain at 3\u2009T. In this study, we investigated the accuracy and reproducibility of short\u2010TE MRS measurements of GABA at 3\u2009T using both simulations and experiments. LCModel analysis was performed on a large number of simulated spectra with known metabolite input concentrations. Simulated spectra were generated using a range of spectral linewidths and signal\u2010to\u2010noise ratios to investigate the effect of varying experimental conditions, and analyses were performed using two different baseline models to investigate the effect of an inaccurate baseline model on GABA quantification. The results of these analyses indicated that, under experimental conditions corresponding to those typically observed in the occipital cortex, GABA concentration estimates are reproducible (mean reproducibility error, &lt;20%), even when an incorrect baseline model is used. However, simulations indicate that the accuracy of GABA concentration estimates depends strongly on the experimental conditions (linewidth and signal\u2010to\u2010noise ratio). In addition to simulations,\n                    <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    GABA measurements were performed using both spectral editing and short\u2010TE MRS in the occipital cortex of 14 healthy volunteers. Short\u2010TE MRS measurements of GABA exhibited a significant positive correlation with edited GABA measurements (\n                    <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.58,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.05), suggesting that short\u2010TE measurements of GABA correspond well with measurements made using spectral editing techniques. Finally, within\u2010session reproducibility was assessed in the same 14 subjects using four consecutive short\u2010TE GABA measurements in the occipital cortex. Across all subjects, the average coefficient of variation of these four GABA measurements was 8.7\u2009\u00b1\u20094.9%. This study demonstrates that, under some experimental conditions, short\u2010TE MRS can be employed for the reproducible detection of GABA at 3\u2009T, but that the technique should be used with caution, as the results are dependent on the experimental conditions. Copyright \u00a9 2013 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.2960","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,22]],"date-time":"2013-05-22T04:12:50Z","timestamp":1369195970000},"page":"1353-1362","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":96,"title":["Unedited\n                    <i>in vivo<\/i>\n                    detection and quantification of \u03b3\u2010aminobutyric acid in the occipital cortex using short\u2010TE MRS at 3\u2009T"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Jamie","family":"Near","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Douglas Mental Health University Institute and Department of Psychiatry McGill University  Montreal QC Canada"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry University of Oxford  Oxford UK"},{"name":"FMRIB Centre, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences University of Oxford  Oxford 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