{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T05:26:16Z","timestamp":1790486776781,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,28]],"date-time":"2014-05-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1401235200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000968","name":"American Heart Association","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["14GRNT18350028"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["14GRNT18350028"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000968","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006415","name":"Ben B. and Iris M. Margolis Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006415","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["NMR in Biomedicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,8]]},"abstract":"\n Both post\u2010contrast myocardial\n T<\/jats:italic>\n 1<\/jats:sub>\n and extracellular volume (ECV) measurements have been associated with diffuse interstitial fibrosis. The cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) field is migrating towards ECV, because it is largely insensitive to confounders that affect post\u2010contrast myocardial\n T<\/jats:italic>\n 1<\/jats:sub>\n . Despite the theoretical advantages of myocardial ECV over post\u2010contrast myocardial\n T<\/jats:italic>\n 1<\/jats:sub>\n , systematic experimental studies comparing the two measurements are largely lacking. We sought to measure the temporal changes in post\u2010contrast myocardial\n T<\/jats:italic>\n 1<\/jats:sub>\n and ECV in an established canine model with chronic atrial fibrillation.\n <\/jats:p>\n \n Seventeen mongrel dogs, implanted with a pacemaker to induce chronic atrial fibrillation via rapid atrial pacing, were scanned multiple times for a total of 46 CMR scans at 3T. These dogs with different disease durations (0\u201322 months) were part of a separate longitudinal study aimed at studying the relationship between AF and pathophysiology. In each animal, we measured native and post\u2010contrast\n T<\/jats:italic>\n 1<\/jats:sub>\n values and hematocrit. Temporal changes in post\u2010contrast myocardial\n T<\/jats:italic>\n 1<\/jats:sub>\n and ECV, as well as other CMR parameters, were modeled with linear mixed effect models to account for repeated measurements over disease duration.\n <\/jats:p>\n \n In 17 animals, post\u2010contrast myocardial\n T<\/jats:italic>\n 1<\/jats:sub>\n decreased significantly from 872 to 698 ms (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.001), which corresponds to a 24.9% relative reduction. In contrast, ECV increased from 21.0 to 22.0% (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.38), which corresponds to only a 4.5% relative increase. To partially investigate this discrepancy, we quantified collagen volume fraction (CVF) in post\u2010mortem heart tissues of six canines sacrificed at different disease durations (0\u201322 months). CVF quantified by histology increased from 0.9 to 1.9% (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.56), which agrees better with ECV than with post\u2010contrast myocardial\n T<\/jats:italic>\n 1<\/jats:sub>\n . This study shows that post\u2010contrast myocardial\n T<\/jats:italic>\n 1<\/jats:sub>\n and ECV may disagree in a longitudinal canine study. A more comprehensive study, including histologic, cardiac, and renal functional analyses, is warranted to test rigorously which CMR parameter (ECV or post\u2010contrast myocardial\n T<\/jats:italic>\n 1<\/jats:sub>\n ) agrees better with CVF. Copyright \u00a9 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.3135","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,28]],"date-time":"2014-05-28T02:09:23Z","timestamp":1401242963000},"page":"988-995","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Post\u2010contrast myocardial\n T<\/i>\n 1<\/sub>\n and ECV disagree in a longitudinal canine study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Matthias","family":"Koopmann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Electrophysiology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine University Hospital of M\u00fcnster M\u00fcnster Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"KyungPyo","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UCAIR, Department of Radiology University of Utah Salt Lake City UT USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eugene G.","family":"Kholmovski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UCAIR, Department of Radiology University of Utah Salt Lake City UT USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric C.","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine University of California, Davis Medical Center Sacramento CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nan","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Epidemiology, Internal Medicine University of Utah Salt Lake City UT USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Ying","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Epidemiology, Internal Medicine University of Utah Salt Lake City UT USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Levenson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine University of California, Davis Medical Center Sacramento CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sathya","family":"Vijayakumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Surgical Services Clinical Program Intermountain Healthcare Salt Lake City UT USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Derek J.","family":"Dosdall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Internal Medicine University of Utah Salt Lake City UT USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ravi","family":"Ranjan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Internal Medicine University of Utah Salt Lake City UT USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UCAIR, Department of Radiology University of Utah Salt Lake City UT 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