{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T00:51:11Z","timestamp":1791939071144,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,4]],"date-time":"2014-08-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1407110400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Institute of Health","award":["MH093959"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MH093959"]}]},{"name":"National Institute of Health","award":["CA159128"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CA159128"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["NMR in Biomedicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The <jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup>H resonances of \u03b3\u2010aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the human brain <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> are extensively overlapped with the neighboring abundant resonances of other metabolites and remain indiscernible in short\u2010TE MRS at 7\u2009T. Here we report that the GABA resonance at 2.28\u2009ppm can be fully resolved by means of echo time optimization of a point\u2010resolved spectroscopy (PRESS) scheme. Following numerical simulations and phantom validation, the subecho times of PRESS were optimized at (TE, TE<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>)\u2009=\u2009(31, 61) ms for detection of GABA, glutamate (Glu), glutamine (Gln), and glutathione (GSH). The <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> feasibility of the method was tested in several brain regions in nine healthy subjects. Spectra were acquired from the medial prefrontal, left frontal, medial occipital, and left occipital brain and analyzed with LCModel. Following the gray and white matter (GM and WM) segmentation of <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\u2010weighted images, linear regression of metabolite estimates was performed against the fractional GM contents. The GABA concentration was estimated to be about seven times higher in GM than in WM. GABA was overall higher in frontal than in occipital brain. Glu was about twice as high in GM as in WM in both frontal and occipital brain. Gln was significantly different between frontal GM and WM while being similar between occipital GM and WM. GSH did not show significant dependence on tissue content. The signals from N\u2010acetylaspartylglutamate were clearly resolved, giving the concentration more than 10 times higher in WM than in GM. Our data indicate that the PRESS TE\u2009=\u200992\u2009ms method provides an effective means for measuring GABA and several challenging <jats:italic>J<\/jats:italic>\u2010coupled spin metabolites in human brain at 7\u2009T. Copyright \u00a9 2014 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.3170","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,4]],"date-time":"2014-08-04T06:29:16Z","timestamp":1407133756000},"page":"1167-1175","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Measurement of regional variation of GABA in the human brain by optimized point\u2010resolved spectroscopy at 7\u2009T <i>in vivo<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Sandeep K.","family":"Ganji","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced Imaging Research Center University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center  Dallas TX USA"},{"name":"Department of Radiology University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center  Dallas TX USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhongxu","family":"An","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced Imaging Research Center University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center  Dallas TX USA"},{"name":"Department of 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