{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T11:03:18Z","timestamp":1790506998958,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,23]],"date-time":"2015-03-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1427068800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000038","name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000038","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004203","name":"Ontario Institute for Cancer Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004203","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["NMR in Biomedicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Increased lactate production through glycolysis in aerobic conditions is a hallmark of cancer. Some anticancer drugs have been designed to exploit elevated glycolysis in cancer cells. For example, lonidamine (LND) inhibits lactate transport, leading to intracellular acidification in cancer cells. Chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) is a novel MRI contrast mechanism that is dependent on intracellular pH. Amine and amide concentration\u2010independent detection (AACID) and apparent amide proton transfer (APT*) represent two recently developed CEST contrast parameters that are sensitive to pH. The goal of this study was to compare the sensitivity of AACID and APT* for the detection of tumor\u2010selective acidification after LND injection. Using a 9.4\u2010T MRI scanner, CEST data were acquired in mice approximately 14\u2009days after the implantation of 10\n                    <jats:sup>5<\/jats:sup>\n                    U87 human glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) cells in the brain, before and after the administration of LND (dose, 50 or 100\u2009mg\/kg). Significant dose\u2010dependent LND\u2010induced changes in the measured CEST parameters were detected in brain regions spatially correlated with implanted tumors. Importantly, no changes were observed in\n                    <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2010 and\n                    <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2010weighted images acquired before and after LND treatment. The AACID and APT* contrast measured before and after LND injection exhibited similar pH sensitivity. Interestingly, LND\u2010induced contrast maps showed increased heterogeneity compared with pre\u2010injection CEST maps. These results demonstrate that CEST contrast changes after the administration of LND could help to localize brain cancer and monitor tumor response to chemotherapy within 1\u2009h of treatment. The LND CEST experiment uses an anticancer drug to induce a metabolic change detectable by endogenous MRI contrast, and therefore represents a unique cancer detection paradigm which differs from other current molecular imaging techniques that require the injection of an imaging contrast agent or tracer. Copyright \u00a9 2015 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.3287","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,24]],"date-time":"2015-03-24T14:59:59Z","timestamp":1427209199000},"page":"566-575","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Imaging chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) effects following tumor\u2010selective acidification using lonidamine"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Nevin","family":"McVicar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biophysics University of Western Ontario  London ON Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alex X.","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Robarts Research Institute University of Western Ontario  London ON Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan O.","family":"Meakin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Robarts 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