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It performs several important functions, including the transport of nutrients, the removal of waste products and the metabolism of certain substances. Placental disorders have been found to account for over 50% of stillbirths. Despite this, there are currently no methods available to directly and non\u2010invasively assess placental function <jats:italic>in utero<\/jats:italic>. The primary aim of this pilot study was to investigate the use of <jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup>H MRS for this purpose. <jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup>H MRS offers the possibility to detect several placental metabolites, including choline, lipids and the amino acids glutamine and glutamate (Glx), which are vital to fetal development and placental function. Here, <jats:italic>in utero<\/jats:italic> placental spectra were acquired from nine small for gestational age (SGA) pregnancies, a cohort who are at increased risk of perinatal morbidity and mortality, and from nine healthy gestation\u2010matched pregnancies. All subjects were between 26 and 39\u2009weeks of gestation. Placenta Glx, choline and lipids at 1.3 and 0.9\u2009ppm were quantified as amplitude ratios to that of intrinsic H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O. Wilcoxon signed rank tests indicated a significant difference in Glx\/H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.024) between the two groups, but not in choline\/H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.722) or in either lipid\/H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O ratio (1.3\u2009ppm, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.813; 0.9\u2009ppm, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.058). This study has demonstrated that <jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup>H MRS has potential for the detection of placental metabolites <jats:italic>in utero<\/jats:italic>. This warrants further investigation as a tool for the monitoring of placental function. Copyright \u00a9 2015 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.3370","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,27]],"date-time":"2015-08-27T09:25:47Z","timestamp":1440667547000},"page":"1275-1282","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["<sup>1<\/sup>\u2009H MRS: a potential biomarker of <i>in utero<\/i> placental function"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Gillian","family":"Macnaught","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research Imaging Centre University of Edinburgh  Edinburgh UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2816-4707","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Calum","family":"Gray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research Imaging Centre University of Edinburgh  Edinburgh UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jane","family":"Walker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Simpson Centre for Reproductive Health Royal Infirmary  Edinburgh UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary","family":"Simpson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MRC Centre for Reproductive Health University of Edinburgh  Edinburgh UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jane","family":"Norman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MRC Centre for Reproductive Health University of Edinburgh  Edinburgh UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scott","family":"Semple","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Cardiovascular Science University of Edinburgh  Edinburgh UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fiona","family":"Denison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MRC Centre for Reproductive Health University of Edinburgh  Edinburgh UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2393-12-S1-A2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2014.02.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.nutr.26.061505.111156"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3843\/GLOWM.10195"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000091507"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.103.025486"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fasebj.10.8.8666159"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2013.10.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","volume-title":"The Investigation and Management of the Small\u2010for\u2010Gestational\u2010Age Fetus. 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