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MPF has the potential to provide a quantitative assessment of fibrous tissue because of the intrinsically high MPF specific for collagen. The goal of this study was to investigate the relationship between histologically determined fibrosis stage and MPF in the liver parenchyma measured using a recently developed fast single\u2010point clinically targeted MPF mapping method. Optimal saturation parameters for single\u2010point liver MPF measurements were determined from the analysis of liver <jats:italic>Z<\/jats:italic> spectra <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> based on the error propagation model. Sixteen patients with chronic hepatitis C viral infection underwent 3\u2010T MRI using an optimized liver MPF mapping protocol. Fourteen patients had prior liver biopsy with histologically staged fibrosis (METAVIR scores F0\u2013F3) and two patients had clinically diagnosed cirrhosis (score F4 was assigned). The protocol included four breath\u2010hold three\u2010dimensional scans with 2\u2009\u00d7\u20093\u2009\u00d7\u20096\u2010mm<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup> resolution and 10 transverse sections:  dynamic acquisition of MT\u2010weighted and reference images;  dynamic acquisition of three images for variable flip angle <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> mapping;  dual\u2010echo <jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>0<\/jats:sub> map; and  actual flip angle imaging <jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> map. The average liver MPF was determined as the mode of the MPF histograms. MPF was significantly increased in patients with clinically significant fibrosis (scores F2\u2013F4, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20096) relative to patients with no or mild fibrosis (scores F0\u2013F1, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200910): 6.49\u2009\u00b1\u20090.36% <jats:italic>versus<\/jats:italic> 5.94\u2009\u00b1\u20090.26%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01 (Mann\u2013Whitney test). MPF and fibrosis scores were strongly positively correlated, with a Spearman's rank correlation coefficient of 0.80 (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). This study demonstrates the feasibility of fast MPF mapping of the human liver <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> and confirms the hypothesis that MPF is increased in hepatic fibrosis and associated with fibrosis stage. MPF may be useful as a non\u2010invasive imaging biomarker of hepatic fibrosis. Copyright \u00a9 2015 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.3437","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,27]],"date-time":"2015-10-27T07:09:31Z","timestamp":1445929771000},"page":"1716-1725","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Fast macromolecular proton fraction mapping of the human liver <i>in vivo<\/i> for quantitative assessment of hepatic fibrosis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Vasily L.","family":"Yarnykh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology University of Washington  Seattle WA USA"},{"name":"Research Institute of Biology and Biophysics Tomsk State University  Tomsk Russian Federation"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Erica V.","family":"Tartaglione","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Development Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System  Seattle WA 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