{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T00:30:43Z","timestamp":1786321843768,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,12]],"date-time":"2016-02-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1455235200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003716","name":"Korea Basic Science Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["C35705"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["C35705"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003716","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["NMR in Biomedicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Excess exposure to ionizing radiation generates reactive oxygen species and increases the cellular inflammatory response by modifying various metabolic pathways. However, an investigation of metabolic perturbations and organ\u2010specific responses based on the amount of radiation during the acute phase has not been conducted. In this study, high\u2010resolution magic\u2010angle\u2010spinning (HR\u2010MAS) NMR and solution NMR\u2010based metabolic profiling were used to investigate dose\u2010dependent metabolic changes in multiple organs and tissues \u2013 including the jejunum, spleen, liver, and plasma \u2013 of rats exposed to X\u2010ray radiation. The organs, tissues, and blood samples were obtained 24, 48, and 72\u2009h after exposure to low\u2010dose (2\u2009Gy) and high\u2010dose (6\u2009Gy) X\u2010ray radiation and subjected to metabolite profiling and multivariate analyses. The results showed the time course of the metabolic responses, and many significant changes were detected in the high\u2010dose compared with the low\u2010dose group. Metabolites with antioxidant properties showed acute responses in the jejunum and spleen after radiation exposure. The levels of metabolites related to lipid and protein metabolism were decreased in the jejunum. In addition, amino acid levels increased consistently at all post\u2010irradiation time points as a consequence of activated protein breakdown. Consistent with these changes, plasma levels of tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediate metabolites decreased. The liver did not appear to undergo remarkable metabolic changes after radiation exposure. These results may provide insight into the major metabolic perturbations and mechanisms of the biological systems in response to pathophysiological damage caused by X\u2010ray radiation. Copyright \u00a9 2016 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.3485","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,12]],"date-time":"2016-02-12T10:55:51Z","timestamp":1455274551000},"page":"507-518","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Investigation of relative metabolic changes in the organs and plasma of rats exposed to X\u2010ray radiation using HR\u2010MAS <sup><b>1<\/b><\/sup><b>H<\/b> NMR and solution <sup><b>1<\/b><\/sup><b>H<\/b> NMR"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Won Gyo","family":"Jang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Integrated Metabolomics Research Group, Western Seoul Center Korea Basic Science Institute  Seoul Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology Chungnam National University  Daejeon Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ju Yeon","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Integrated Metabolomics Research Group, Western Seoul Center Korea Basic Science Institute  Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jueun","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Integrated Metabolomics Research Group, Western Seoul Center Korea Basic Science Institute  Seoul Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Chemistry Sungkyunkwan University  Suwon Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eunjung","family":"Bang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Integrated Metabolomics Research Group, Western Seoul Center Korea Basic Science Institute  Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"So Ra","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Radiation Effect Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences  Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eun Kyeong","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Radiation Effect Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences  Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyun Jin","family":"Yun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Radiation Effect Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences  Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chang\u2010Mo","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Radiation Effect Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences  Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Geum\u2010Sook","family":"Hwang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Integrated Metabolomics Research Group, Western Seoul Center Korea Basic Science Institute  Seoul Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology Chungnam National University  Daejeon Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Chemistry &amp; Nanoscience Ewha Womans University  Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2014.01.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","volume-title":"Health Risks from Exposure to Low Levels of Ionizing Radiation: Beir VII Phase 2","author":"National Research Council","year":"2006"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","first-page":"261","article-title":"The role of oxygen in health and disease \u2013 a series of reviews","volume":"65","author":"H\u00fcppi PS","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pediatr. Res."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2011.12.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0040106"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0057603"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-007-5896-4_5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/c3mb70526a"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1667\/RR1796.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1667\/RR1703.1"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","first-page":"473","article-title":"Radiation metabolomics. 4. UPLC\u2010ESI\u2010QTOFMS\u2010based metabolomics for urinary biomarker discovery in gamma\u2010irradiated rats. Radiat","volume":"175","author":"Johnson CH","year":"2011","journal-title":"Res."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/09553002.2010.518211"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.33549\/physiolres.931027","article-title":"Morphological changes of rat jejunum after whole body gamma\u2010irradiation and their impact in biodosimetry","volume":"57","author":"Dri\u00e1k D","year":"2008","journal-title":"Physiol. Res."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0968-4328(01)00013-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1204903"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri1669"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-014-3886-0"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1916","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.03-1292","article-title":"Metabolic changes in rat lens after in vivo exposure to ultraviolet irradiation: measurements by high resolution MAS 1H NMR spectroscopy","volume":"45","author":"Risa \u00d8","year":"2004","journal-title":"Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2010.45"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/pr801094b"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0085445"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnmrs.2012.09.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.110.598789"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1081\/AL-100107290"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0075998"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radmeas.2007.05.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S000711450769936X"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/136.1.288S"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/124.6.906"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rpd\/ncs138"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/c3mb70526a"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0899-9007(02)00916-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0891-5849(99)00177-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-8223(03)00469-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2275(20)35344-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/SQB.1988.053.01.107"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bmc.1226"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004110050042"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","first-page":"391","article-title":"Reconstitution studies on the involvement of radiation\u2010induced lipid peroxidation in damage to membrane enzymes","volume":"43","author":"Yukawa O","year":"1983","journal-title":"Int. J. Radiat. Biol."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0113573"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1667\/RR1715.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C1AN15605E"}],"container-title":["NMR in Biomedicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fnbm.3485","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/nbm.3485","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T14:43:16Z","timestamp":1760971396000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/nbm.3485"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,12]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/nbm.3485"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/nbm.3485","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0952-3480","1099-1492"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0952-3480","type":"print"},{"value":"1099-1492","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,12]]}}}