{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T15:11:50Z","timestamp":1760973110021,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,24]],"date-time":"2016-08-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1471996800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"NIH","award":["NCI P30-CA125123"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NCI P30-CA125123"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000005","name":"Department of Defense","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["W81XWH-08-2-0143"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["W81XWH-08-2-0143"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000005","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["NMR in Biomedicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>In many human diseases, the presence of inflammation is associated with an increase in the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The resulting state of oxidative stress is highly detrimental and can initiate a cascade of events that ultimately lead to cell death. Thus, many therapeutic attempts have been focused on either modulating the immune system to lower inflammation or reducing the damaging caused by ROS. Berlin <jats:italic>et al<\/jats:italic>. reported the development of a novel nanoantioxidant known as poly(ethylene glycol)\u2010functionalized\u2010hydrophilic carbon clusters (PEG\u2010HCCs). They showed that PEG\u2010HCCs could be targeted to cancer cells, utilized as a drug delivery vector, and can even be visualized <jats:italic>ex vivo<\/jats:italic>. Our work here furthers this work and characterizes Gd\u2010DTPA conjugated PEG\u2010HCCs and explores the potential for <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> tracking of T cells in live mice. We utilized a mouse model of delayed\u2010type hypersensitivity (DTH) to assess the immunomodulatory effects of PEG\u2010HCCs. The <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\u2010agent Gd\u2010DTPA was then conjugated to the PEG\u2010HCCs and <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> measurements, and <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\u2010weighted MRI of the modified PEG\u2010HCCs was done to assess their relaxivity. We then assessed if PEG\u2010HCCs could be visualized both <jats:italic>ex vivo<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> within the mouse lymph node and spleen. Mice treated with PEG\u2010HCCs showed significant improvements in the DTH assay as compared to the vehicle (saline)\u2010treated control. Flow cytometry demonstrated that splenic T cells are capable of internalizing PEG\u2010HCCs whereas fluorescent immunohistochemistry showed that PEG\u2010HCCs are detectable within the cortex of lymph nodes. Finally, our nanoantioxidants can be visualized <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> within the lymph nodes and spleen of a mouse after addition of the Gd\u2010DTPA. PEG\u2010HCCs are internalized by T cells in the spleen and can reduce inflammation by suppression of a recall immune response. PEG\u2010HCCs can be modified to allow for both <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> visualization using MRI. \u00a9 2016 The Authors. <jats:italic>NMR in Biomedicine<\/jats:italic> published by John Wiley &amp; Sons Ltd.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.3565","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,24]],"date-time":"2016-08-24T03:23:00Z","timestamp":1472008980000},"page":"1436-1444","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Characterization of a novel MR\u2010detectable nanoantioxidant that mitigates the recall immune response"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Taeko","family":"Inoue","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Physiology &amp; Biophysics Baylor College of Medicine  Houston TX USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Deric M.","family":"Griffin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdepartmental Program in Translational Biology &amp; Molecular Medicine Baylor College of Medicine  Houston TX USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Redwan","family":"Huq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Physiology &amp; Biophysics Baylor College of Medicine  Houston TX USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Errol L. G.","family":"Samuel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Department of Material Science and NanoEngineering and The NanoCarbon Center Rice University  Houston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Simone H.","family":"Ruano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Physiology &amp; Biophysics Baylor College of Medicine  Houston TX USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gary","family":"Stinnett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Physiology &amp; Biophysics Baylor College of Medicine  Houston TX USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tabassum J.","family":"Majid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdepartmental Program in Translational Biology &amp; Molecular Medicine Baylor College of Medicine  Houston TX USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Beeton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Physiology &amp; Biophysics Baylor College of Medicine  Houston TX USA"},{"name":"Interdepartmental Program in Translational Biology &amp; Molecular Medicine Baylor College of Medicine  Houston TX USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James M.","family":"Tour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Department of Material Science and NanoEngineering and The NanoCarbon Center Rice University  Houston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robia G.","family":"Pautler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Physiology &amp; Biophysics Baylor College of Medicine  Houston TX USA"},{"name":"Interdepartmental Program in Translational Biology &amp; Molecular Medicine Baylor College of Medicine  Houston TX USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2012.05.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-0082(98)00055-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1025682611389"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms130911783"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2008.2236"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/156720506778249489"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0891-5849(98)00216-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ja805721p"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/nn302615f"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/nn100975c"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.21352"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-008-0874-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nano.2012.02.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2010.04.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","first-page":"1369","article-title":"Targeting effector memory T cells with a selective peptide inhibitor of Kv1.3 channels for therapy of autoimmune diseases. Mol","volume":"67","author":"Beeton C","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pharmacol."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.22587"}],"container-title":["NMR in Biomedicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fnbm.3565","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fnbm.3565","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/nbm.3565","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T14:28:06Z","timestamp":1760970486000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/nbm.3565"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,24]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/nbm.3565"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/nbm.3565","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0952-3480","1099-1492"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0952-3480"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1099-1492"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,24]]}}}