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Here, we quantify both of these phenomena associated with endothelial dysfunction by MRI <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> in mice.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Endothelial function was evaluated in the brachiocephalic artery (BCA) and left carotid artery (LCA) in ApoE\/LDLR<jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup> and high\u2010fat diet (HFD)\u2010fed mice as compared with control mice (C57BL\/6J). The 3D IntraGate\u00ae FLASH sequence was used for evaluation of changes in vessels\u2019 cross\u2010sectional area (CSA) and volume following acetylcholine (Ach) administration. Evaluation of endothelial permeability after administration of contrast agent (Galbumin, BioPAL) was based on the variable flip angle method for the assessment of parameters based on the relaxation time (<jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>) value. In order to confirm the involvement of nitric oxide (NO) in response to Ach, L\u2010NAME\u2010treated mice were also analyzed. To confirm that endothelial permeability changes accompany the impairment of Ach\u2010dependent vasodilatation, permeability changes were analyzed in isolated, perfused carotid artery<jats:italic>.<\/jats:italic><\/jats:p><jats:p>In C57BL\/6J mice, Ach\u2010induced vasodilatation led to an approximately 25% increase in CSA in both vessels, which was temporarily dissociated from the effect of Ach on heart rate. In ApoE\/LDLR<jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup> or HFD\u2010fed mice Ach induced a paradoxical vasoconstriction that amounted to approximately 30% and 50% decreases in CSA of BCA and LCA respectively. In ApoE\/LDLR<jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup> and HFD\u2010fed mice endothelial permeability in BCA was also increased (fall in <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> by about 25%). In L\u2010NAME\u2010treated mice Ach\u2010induced vasodilatation in BCA was lost. In isolated, perfused artery from ApoE\/LDLR<jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup> mice endothelial permeability was increased.<\/jats:p><jats:p>MRI\u2010based assessment of endothelium\u2010dependent vasodilatation induced by Ach and endothelial permeability using a retrospectively self\u2010gated 3D gradient\u2010echo sequence (IntraGate\u00ae FLASH) enables the reliable detection of systemic endothelial dysfunction in mice and provides an important tool for the experimental pharmacology of the endothelium in murine models of diseases <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>. Copyright \u00a9 2016 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.3567","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,27]],"date-time":"2016-06-27T10:11:46Z","timestamp":1467022306000},"page":"1088-1097","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Retrospectively gated MRI for <i>in vivo<\/i> assessment of endothelium\u2010dependent vasodilatation and endothelial permeability in murine models of endothelial dysfunction"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Anna","family":"Bar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET) Jagiellonian University  Krak\u00f3w Poland"},{"name":"Chair of Pharmacology Jagiellonian University Medical College  Krak\u00f3w Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tomasz","family":"Sk\u00f3rka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences  Krak\u00f3w Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Krzysztof","family":"Jasi\u0144ski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences  Krak\u00f3w Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Magdalena","family":"Sternak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET) Jagiellonian University  Krak\u00f3w Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"\u017baneta","family":"Bartel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences  Krak\u00f3w Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Urszula","family":"Tyrankiewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences  Krak\u00f3w Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Chlopicki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET) Jagiellonian University  Krak\u00f3w Poland"},{"name":"Chair of Pharmacology Jagiellonian University Medical College  Krak\u00f3w Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,27]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","first-page":"256","article-title":"Assessment of endothelial dysfunction: focus on atherothrombotic disease","volume":"33","author":"Blann AD","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pathophysiol. 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