{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T14:06:06Z","timestamp":1773410766197,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,20]],"date-time":"2017-03-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1489968000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1 R01 AR068987\u201001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1 R01 AR068987\u201001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["NMR in Biomedicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>We report a novel three\u2010dimensional (3D) ultrashort echo time (UTE) sequence employing Cones trajectory and <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>1\u03c1<\/jats:sub> preparation (UTE\u2010Cones\u2010<jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>1\u03c1<\/jats:sub>) for quantitative <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>1\u03c1<\/jats:sub> assessment of short <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> tissues in the musculoskeletal system. A basic 3D UTE\u2010Cones sequence was combined with a spin\u2010locking preparation pulse for <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>1\u03c1<\/jats:sub> contrast. A relatively short TR was used to decrease the scan time, which required <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> measurement and compensation using 3D UTE\u2010Cones data acquisitions with variable TRs. Another strategy to reduce the total scan time was to acquire multiple Cones spokes (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>sp<\/jats:sub>) after each <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>1\u03c1<\/jats:sub> preparation and fat saturation. Four spin\u2010locking times (TSL\u00a0=\u00a00\u201320\u00a0ms) were acquired over 12\u00a0min, plus another 7\u00a0min for <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> measurement. The 3D UTE\u2010Cones\u2010<jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>1\u03c1<\/jats:sub> sequence was compared with a two\u2010dimensional (2D) spiral\u2010<jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>1\u03c1<\/jats:sub> sequence for the imaging of a spherical CuSO<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> phantom and <jats:italic>ex vivo<\/jats:italic> meniscus and tendon specimens, as well as the knee and ankle joints of healthy volunteers, using a clinical 3\u2010T scanner. The CuSO<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> phantom showed a <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>1\u03c1<\/jats:sub> value of 76.5\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.6\u00a0ms with the 2D spiral\u2010<jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>1\u03c1<\/jats:sub> sequence, as well as 85.7\u00a0\u00b1\u00a03.6 and 89.2\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.4\u00a0ms for the 3D UTE\u2010Cones\u2010<jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>1\u03c1<\/jats:sub> sequences with <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>sp<\/jats:sub> of 1 and 5, respectively. The 3D UTE\u2010Cones\u2010<jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>1\u03c1<\/jats:sub> sequence provided shorter <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>1\u03c1<\/jats:sub> values for the bovine meniscus sample relative to the 2D spiral\u2010<jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>1\u03c1<\/jats:sub> sequence (10\u201312\u00a0ms <jats:italic>versus<\/jats:italic> 16\u00a0ms, respectively). The cadaveric human Achilles tendon sample could only be imaged with the 3D UTE\u2010Cones\u2010<jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>1\u03c1<\/jats:sub> sequence (<jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>1\u03c1<\/jats:sub>\u00a0=\u00a04.0\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.9\u00a0ms), with the 2D spiral\u2010<jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>1\u03c1<\/jats:sub> sequence demonstrating near\u2010zero signal intensity. Human studies yielded <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>1\u03c1<\/jats:sub> values of 36.1\u00a0\u00b1\u00a02.9, 18.3\u00a0\u00b1\u00a03.9 and 3.1\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.4\u00a0ms for articular cartilage, meniscus and the Achilles tendon, respectively. The 3D UTE\u2010Cones\u2010<jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>1\u03c1<\/jats:sub> sequence allows volumetric <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>1\u03c1<\/jats:sub> measurement of short <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> tissues <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.3709","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,20]],"date-time":"2017-03-20T05:42:53Z","timestamp":1489988573000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Three\u2010dimensional ultrashort echo time cones <i>T<\/i><sub>1\u03c1<\/sub> (3D UTE\u2010cones\u2010<i>T<\/i><sub>1\u03c1<\/sub>) imaging"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Ya\u2010Jun","family":"Ma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology University of California  San Diego CA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Carl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GE Healthcare  San 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