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Based on previous MRI studies demonstrating the feasibility of detecting very early non\u2010palpable mammary cancers in simian virus 40 large T antigen (SV40TAg) mice, we examined the effect of dietary fat fed from weaning to young adulthood in this model of TNBC. Virgin female C3(1)SV40TAg mice (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a016) were weaned at 3\u20134\u00a0weeks of age and then fed either a low fat diet (LFD) (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a08, 3.7\u00a0kcal\/g; 17.2% kcal from vegetable oil) or a high animal fat diet (HAFD) (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a08, 5.3\u00a0kcal\/g; 60% kcal from lard). After 8\u00a0weeks on the diet (12\u00a0weeks of age), fast spin echo MR images of inguinal mammary glands were acquired at 9.4\u00a0T. Following <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> MRI, mice were sacrificed and inguinal mammary glands were excised and formalin fixed for <jats:italic>ex vivo<\/jats:italic> MRI. 3D volume\u2010rendered MR images were then correlated with mammary gland histology to assess the glandular parenchyma and tumor burden. Using <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> MRI, an average of 3.88\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.03 tumors were detected per HAFD\u2010fed mouse compared with an average of 1.25\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.16 per LFD\u2010fed mouse (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.007). Additionally, the average tumor volume was significantly higher following HAFD feeding (0.53\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.45\u00a0mm<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>) compared with LFD feeding (0.20\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.08\u00a0mm<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.02). Analysis of <jats:italic>ex vivo<\/jats:italic> MR and histology images demonstrated that HAFD mouse mammary glands had denser parenchyma, irregular and enlarged ducts, dilated blood vessels, increased white adipose tissue, and increased tumor invasion. MRI and histological studies of the SV40TAg mice demonstrated that HAFD feeding also resulted in higher cancer incidence and larger mammary tumors. Unlike other imaging methods for assessing environmental effects on mammary cancer growth, MRI allows routine serial measurements and reliable detection of small cancers as well as accurate tumor volume measurements and assessment of the three\u2010dimensional distribution of tumors over time.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.3758","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,29]],"date-time":"2017-06-29T05:49:17Z","timestamp":1498715357000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["MRI reveals increased tumorigenesis following high fat feeding in a mouse model of triple\u2010negative breast cancer"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Devkumar","family":"Mustafi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology The University of Chicago  Chicago Illinois 60637 USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sully","family":"Fernandez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Section of Adult and Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism The University of Chicago  Chicago Illinois 60637 USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Erica","family":"Markiewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology The University of Chicago  Chicago Illinois 60637 USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaobing","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology The University of Chicago  Chicago Illinois 60637 USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Zamora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology The University of Chicago  Chicago Illinois 60637 USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey","family":"Mueller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology The University of Chicago  Chicago Illinois 60637 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