{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T15:54:53Z","timestamp":1793030093766,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,16]],"date-time":"2018-07-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1531699200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005367","name":"American Foundation for Surgery of the Hand","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1242"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1242"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005367","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1R01 NS092650"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1R01 NS092650"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000738","name":"U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1I21 RX002367"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1I21 RX002367"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000738","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000738","name":"U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["I01CX001388"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["I01CX001388"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000738","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000738","name":"U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["I01RX002604"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["I01RX002604"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000738","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006775","name":"GE Healthcare","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006775","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["NMR in Biomedicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Peripheral nerves are a composite tissue consisting of neurovascular elements packaged within a well\u2010organized extracellular matrix. Their composition, size, and anatomy render nerves a challenging medical imaging target. In contrast to morphological MRI, which represents the predominant approach to nerve imaging, quantitative MRI sequences can provide information regarding tissue composition. Here, we applied standard clinical Carr\u2010Purcell\u2010Meiboom\u2010Gill (CPMG) and experimental three\u2010dimensional (3D) ultrashort echo time (UTE) Cones sequences for quantitative nerve imaging including\n                    <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    measurement with single\u2010component analysis,\n                    <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    * measurement with single\u2010component and bi\u2010component analyses, and magnetization transfer ratio (MTR) analysis. We demonstrated the feasibility and the high quality of single\u2010component\n                    <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    *, bi\u2010component\n                    <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    *, and MTR approaches to analyze nerves imaged with clinically deployed 3D UTE Cones pulse sequences. For 24 single fascicles from eight nerves, we measured a mean single\u2010component\n                    <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    * of 22.6 \u00b18.9\u00a0ms, and a short\n                    <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    * component (STC) with a mean\n                    <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    * of 1.7 \u00b11.0\u00a0ms and a mean fraction of (6.74 \u00b14.31)% in bi\u2010component analysis. For eight whole nerves, we measured a mean single\u2010component\n                    <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    * of 16.7 \u00b12.2\u00a0ms, and an STC with a mean\n                    <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    * of 3.0 \u00b11.0\u00a0ms and a mean fraction of (15.56 \u00b17.07)% in bi\u2010component analysis. For nine fascicles from three healthy nerves, we measured a mean MTR of (25.2 \u00b11.9)% for single fascicles and a mean MTR of (23.6 \u00b10.9)% for whole nerves. No statistically significant correlation was observed between any MRI parameter and routine histological outcomes, perhaps due to the small sample size and lack of apparent sample pathology. Overall, we have successfully demonstrated the feasibility of measuring quantitative MR outcomes ex vivo, which might reflect features of nerve structure and macromolecular content. These methods should be validated comprehensively on a larger and more diverse set of nerve samples, towards the interpretation of in vivo outcomes. These approaches have new and broad implications for the management of nerve disease, injury, and repair.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.3948","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,16]],"date-time":"2018-07-16T11:21:40Z","timestamp":1531740100000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Feasibility of quantitative ultrashort echo time (UTE)\u2010based methods for MRI of peripheral nerve"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6975-2735","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shu\u2010Juan","family":"Fan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology University of California  San Diego La Jolla CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Service, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System  San Diego CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology University of California  San Diego La Jolla CA USA"},{"name":"Research Service, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System  San Diego CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ya\u2010Jun","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology University of California  San Diego La Jolla CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric Y.","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology University of California  San Diego La Jolla CA USA"},{"name":"Research Service, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System  San Diego CA 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