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The objective of this study was to quantify biliary metabolites using in vivo <jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup>H MRS and gain insight into the pathogenesis of PSC. Biliary metabolites in 10 PSC patients and 14 healthy controls were quantified in vivo using <jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup>H MRS on a 3\u00a0T MR scanner. The concentrations of total bile acids plus cholesterol, glycine\u2010conjugated bile acids, taurine\u2010conjugated bile acids, and choline\u2010containing phospholipids (chol\u2010PLs) were compared between the two groups. There were statistically significant decreases in the levels of the above mentioned biliary metabolites in the PSC patients compared with controls. The reduction in bile acid secretion in bile of PSC patients indicates accumulation of bile acids in hepatocytes. Moreover, reduction in the levels of chol\u2010PLs in bile may increase the toxic effects of bile acids. Our findings suggest that the bile duct injury in PSC patients is most likely due to \u201cbile acid\u2010induced injury.\u201d<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.4065","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,8]],"date-time":"2019-02-08T09:28:24Z","timestamp":1549618104000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["In vivo <sup>1<\/sup>H MRS of human gallbladder bile in understanding the pathophysiology of primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC): Immune\u2010mediated disease versus bile acid\u2010induced injury"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Sanaz","family":"Mohajeri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Manitoba  Winnipeg Manitoba 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