{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T00:08:30Z","timestamp":1776384510988,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,15]],"date-time":"2019-05-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1557878400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000274","name":"British Heart Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FS\/10\/002\/28078"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FS\/10\/002\/28078"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000274","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000274","name":"British Heart Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FS\/14\/17\/30634"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FS\/14\/17\/30634"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000274","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000361","name":"Diabetes UK","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["11\/0004175"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["11\/0004175"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000361","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["NMR in Biomedicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Hypoxia plays a role in many diseases and can have a wide range of effects on cardiac metabolism depending on the extent of the hypoxic insult. Noninvasive imaging methods could shed valuable light on the metabolic effects of hypoxia on the heart\n                    <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Hyperpolarized carbon\u201013 magnetic resonance spectroscopy (HP\n                    <jats:sup>13<\/jats:sup>\n                    C MRS) in particular is an exciting technique for imaging metabolism that could provide such information.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The aim of our work was, therefore, to establish whether hyperpolarized\n                    <jats:sup>13<\/jats:sup>\n                    C MRS can be used to assess the\n                    <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    heart's metabolism of pyruvate in response to systemic acute and chronic hypoxic exposure.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Groups of healthy male Wistar rats were exposed to either acute (30\u00a0minutes), 1 week or 3 weeks of hypoxia.\n                    <jats:italic>In vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    MRS of hyperpolarized [1\u2010\n                    <jats:sup>13<\/jats:sup>\n                    C] pyruvate was carried out along with assessments of physiological parameters and ejection fraction. Hematocrit was elevated after 1 week and 3 weeks of hypoxia.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    30 minutes of hypoxia resulted in a significant reduction in pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) flux, whereas 1 or 3 weeks of hypoxia resulted in a PDH flux that was not different to normoxic animals. Conversion of hyperpolarized [1\u2010\n                    <jats:sup>13<\/jats:sup>\n                    C] pyruvate into [1\u2010\n                    <jats:sup>13<\/jats:sup>\n                    C] lactate was elevated following acute hypoxia, suggestive of enhanced anaerobic glycolysis. Elevated HP pyruvate to lactate conversion was also seen at the one week timepoint, in concert with an increase in lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) expression. Following three weeks of hypoxic exposure, cardiac metabolism of pyruvate was comparable with that observed in normoxia.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    We have successfully visualized the effects of systemic hypoxia on cardiac metabolism of pyruvate using hyperpolarized\n                    <jats:sup>13<\/jats:sup>\n                    C MRS, with differences observed following 30\u00a0minutes and 1 week of hypoxia. This demonstrates the potential of\n                    <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    hyperpolarized\n                    <jats:sup>13<\/jats:sup>\n                    C MRS data for assessing the cardiometabolic effects of hypoxia in disease.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.4099","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,15]],"date-time":"2019-05-15T09:20:57Z","timestamp":1557912057000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Assessing the effect of hypoxia on cardiac metabolism using hyperpolarized\n                    <sup>13<\/sup>\n                    C magnetic resonance spectroscopy"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3807-4772","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lydia M.","family":"Le Page","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics University of Oxford  Oxford UK"},{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science University of California  San Francisco San Francisco USA"},{"name":"Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging University of California  San Francisco San Francisco USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Oliver J.","family":"Rider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine University of Oxford  Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrew J.","family":"Lewis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine University of Oxford  Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Victoria","family":"Noden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics University of Oxford  Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Kerr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics University of Oxford  Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lucia","family":"Giles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics University of Oxford  Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lucy J.A.","family":"Ambrose","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics University of Oxford  Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vicky","family":"Ball","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics University of Oxford  Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Latt","family":"Mansor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics University of Oxford  Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lisa C.","family":"Heather","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics University of Oxford  Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Damian J.","family":"Tyler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics University of Oxford  Oxford UK"},{"name":"Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine University of Oxford  Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1985.sp015640"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","first-page":"5026","article-title":"Glycolytic control mechanisms. 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