{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T01:13:08Z","timestamp":1790730788777,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,11]],"date-time":"2019-06-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1560211200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["NMR in Biomedicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Early studies have demonstrated that (total) magnesium was decreased in skeletal muscle of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) patients. Free intramuscular Mg\n                    <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                    can be derived from\n                    <jats:sup>31<\/jats:sup>\n                    P NMRS measurements. The value of free intramuscular magnesium concentration ([Mg\n                    <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                    ]) is highly dependent on precise knowledge of intracellular pH, which is abnormally alkaline in dystrophic muscle, possibly due to an expanded interstitial space, potentially causing an underestimation of [Mg\n                    <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                    ]. We have recently shown that intracellular pH can be derived using\n                    <jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup>\n                    H NMRS of carnosine.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Our aim was to determine whether\n                    <jats:sup>31<\/jats:sup>\n                    P NMRS\u2010based [Mg\n                    <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                    ] is, in fact, abnormally low in DMD patients, taking advantage of the\n                    <jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup>\n                    H NMRS\u2010based pH. A comparative analysis was, therefore, made between [Mg\n                    <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                    ] values calculated with both\n                    <jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup>\n                    H and\n                    <jats:sup>31<\/jats:sup>\n                    P NMRS\u2010based approaches to determine pH in 25 DMD patients, on a 3\u2010T clinical NMR scanner. [Mg\n                    <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                    ] was also assessed with\n                    <jats:sup>31<\/jats:sup>\n                    P NMRS only in (forearm or leg) skeletal muscle of 60 DMD patients and 63 age\u2010matched controls. Additionally, phosphodiester levels as well as quantitative NMRI indices including water T\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    , fat fraction, contractile cross\u2010sectional area and one\u2010year changes were evaluated.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The main finding was that the significant difference in [Mg\n                    <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                    ] between DMD patients and controls was preserved even when the intracellular pH determined with\n                    <jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup>\n                    H NMRS was similar in both groups. Consequently, we observed that [Mg\n                    <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                    ] is significantly lower in DMD patients compared with controls in the larger database where only\n                    <jats:sup>31<\/jats:sup>\n                    P NMRS data were obtained. Significant yet weak correlations existed between [Mg\n                    <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                    ] and PDE, water T\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    and fat fraction.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    We concluded that low [Mg\n                    <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                    ] is an actual finding in DMD, whether intracellular pH is normal or alkaline, and that it is a likely consequence of membrane leakiness. The response of Mg\n                    <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                    to therapeutic treatment remains to be investigated in neuromuscular disorders.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Free [Mg\n                    <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                    ] determination with\n                    <jats:sup>31<\/jats:sup>\n                    P NMRS is highly dependent on a precise knowledge of intracellular pH. The pH of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) patients, as determined by\n                    <jats:sup>31<\/jats:sup>\n                    P NMRS, is abnormally alkaline. We have recently shown that intracellular pH could be determined using\n                    <jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup>\n                    H NMRS of carnosine, and that intracellular pH was alkaline in a proportion of, but not all, DMD patients with a\n                    <jats:sup>31<\/jats:sup>\n                    P NMRS\u2010based alkaline pH. Taking advantage of this\n                    <jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup>\n                    H NMRS\u2010based intracellular pH, we found that free intramuscular [Mg\n                    <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                    ] is in fact abnormally low in DMD patients.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.4115","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,11]],"date-time":"2019-06-11T08:59:56Z","timestamp":1560243596000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Free intramuscular Mg\n                    <sup>2+<\/sup>\n                    concentration calculated using both\n                    <sup>31<\/sup>\n                    P and\n                    <sup>1<\/sup>\n                    H NMRS\u2010based pH in the skeletal muscle of Duchenne muscular dystrophy patients"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0777-2711","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Harmen","family":"Reyngoudt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"NMR Laboratory, Neuromuscular Investigation Center Institute of Myology  Paris France"},{"name":"NMR Laboratory, CEA\/DRF\/IBFJ\/MIRCen  Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alfredo L.","family":"Lopez Kolkovsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NMR Laboratory, Neuromuscular Investigation Center Institute of Myology  Paris France"},{"name":"NMR Laboratory, CEA\/DRF\/IBFJ\/MIRCen  Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pierre G.","family":"Carlier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NMR Laboratory, Neuromuscular Investigation Center Institute of Myology  Paris France"},{"name":"NMR Laboratory, CEA\/DRF\/IBFJ\/MIRCen  Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(87)90579-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(88)90065-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-012-6733-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nmd.2015.05.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.3352"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nmd.2016.07.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2016.09.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/21675511.2015.1010966"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu7125498"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2010.11.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(82)92635-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.284.6322.1072"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI110459"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.32.10.1088"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0009-8981(85)90202-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.78.1.648"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.28.5.447"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00012.2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00150.2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)81382-5","article-title":"Nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of adenosine di\u2010 and triphosphate. 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