{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T23:37:36Z","timestamp":1784763456243,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,3]],"date-time":"2019-12-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1575331200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"LOEWE-Program \u201cCenter for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research\u201d (CePTER) of the Land Hessen, Germany","award":["Aktenzeichen: 519\/03\/03.001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Aktenzeichen: 519\/03\/03.001"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["NMR in Biomedicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The detection of cortical malformations in conventional MR images can be challenging. Prominent examples are focal cortical dysplasias (FCD), the most common cause of drug\u2010resistant focal epilepsy. The two main MRI hallmarks of cortical malformations are increased cortical thickness and blurring of the gray (GM) and white matter (WM) junction. The purpose of this study was to derive synthetic anatomies from quantitative T1 maps for the improved display of the above imaging characteristics in individual patients.<\/jats:p><jats:p>On the basis of a T1 map, a mask comprising pixels with T1 values characteristic for GM is created from which the local cortical extent (CE) is determined. The local smoothness (SM) of the GM\u2010WM junctions is derived from the T1 gradient. For display of cortical malformations, the resulting CE and SM maps serve to enhance local intensities in synthetic double inversion recovery (DIR) images calculated from the T1 map.<\/jats:p><jats:p>The resulting CE\u2010 and\/or SM\u2010enhanced DIR images appear hyperintense at the site of cortical malformations, thus facilitating FCD detection in epilepsy patients. However, false positives may arise in areas with naturally elevated CE and\/or SM, such as large GM structures and perivascular spaces.<\/jats:p><jats:p>In summary, the proposed method facilitates the detection of cortical abnormalities such as cortical thickening and blurring of the GM\u2010WM junction which are typical FCD markers. Still, subject motion artifacts, perivascular spaces, and large normal GM structures may also yield signal hyperintensity in the enhanced synthetic DIR images, requiring careful comparison with clinical MR images by an experienced neuroradiologist to exclude false positives.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.4203","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,4]],"date-time":"2019-12-04T00:02:08Z","timestamp":1575417728000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Detection of cortical malformations using enhanced synthetic contrast images derived from quantitative T1 maps"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0699-4088","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ulrike","family":"N\u00f6th","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Brain Imaging Center Goethe University  Frankfurt am Main Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1065-940X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ren\u00e9\u2010Maxime","family":"Gracien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Goethe University  Frankfurt am Main Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle","family":"Maiworm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Neuroradiology Goethe University  Frankfurt am Main Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philipp S.","family":"Reif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Goethe University  Frankfurt am Main Germany"},{"name":"Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine\u2010Main Goethe University  Frankfurt am Main Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elke","family":"Hattingen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Neuroradiology Goethe University  Frankfurt am Main Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susanne","family":"Knake","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epilepsy Center Hessen University Hospital Marburg  Marburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marlies","family":"Wagner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Neuroradiology Goethe University  Frankfurt am Main Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ralf","family":"Deichmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brain Imaging Center Goethe University  Frankfurt am Main Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.25297"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bpa.12298"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/RLI.0b013e31824600e9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.3324"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1042-3680(02)80002-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000114507.30388.7E"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2008.01998.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2006.00379.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1528-1157.2002.38201.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00234-012-1049-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.1013"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2005.07.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2016.02.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awr204"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/RCT.0b013e3182073c56"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2005.11.034"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.2000.0582"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2009.10.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5698\/1535-7597-14.3.121"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.1998.0395"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0016430"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2008.01.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"QuX PlatisaL Despotovi\u0107I KumcuA BaiT DeblaereK PhilipsW.Estimating blur at the brain gray\u2010white matter boundary for FCD detection in MRI. 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