{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T22:20:14Z","timestamp":1782944414180,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,24]],"date-time":"2020-03-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1585008000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002347","name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["01EO1504"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01EO1504"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002347","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["NMR in Biomedicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>In this study we aimed to assess the effects of continuous formalin fixation on diffusion and relaxation metrics of the ex vivo porcine heart at 7 T. Magnetic resonance imaging was performed on eight piglet hearts using a 7 T whole body system. Hearts were measured fresh within 3 hours of cardiac arrest followed by immersion in 10% neutral buffered formalin. T<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub><jats:sup>*<\/jats:sup> and T<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> were assessed using a gradient multi\u2010echo and multi\u2010echo spin echo sequence, respectively. A spin echo and a custom stimulated echo sequence were employed to assess diffusion time\u2010dependent changes in metrics of cardiac diffusion tensor imaging. SNR was determined for b = 0 images. Scans were performed for 5 mm thick apical, midcavity and basal slices (in\u2010plane resolution: 1 mm) and repeated 7, 15, 50, 100 and 200 days postfixation. Eigenvalues of the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and fractional anisotropy (FA) decreased significantly (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05) following fixation. Relative to fresh hearts, FA values 7 and 200 days postfixation were 90% and 80%, while respective relative ADC values at those fixation stages were 78% and 92%. Statistical helix and sheetlet angle distributions as well as respective mean and median values showed no systematic influence of continuous formalin fixation. Similar to changes in the ADC, values for T<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>, T<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub><jats:sup>*<\/jats:sup> and SNR dropped initially postfixation. Respective relative values compared with fresh hearts at day 7 were 64%, 79% and 68%, whereas continuous fixation restored T<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>, T<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub><jats:sup>*<\/jats:sup> and SNR leading to relative values of 74%, 100%, and 81% at day 200, respectively. Relaxation parameters and diffusion metrics are significantly altered by continuous formalin fixation. The preservation of microstructure metrics following prolonged fixation is a key finding that may enable future studies of ventricular remodeling in cardiac pathologies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.4298","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,24]],"date-time":"2020-03-24T03:25:40Z","timestamp":1585020340000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Longitudinal assessment of tissue properties and cardiac diffusion metrics of the ex vivo porcine heart at 7 T: Impact of continuous tissue fixation using formalin"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6509-3776","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Lohr","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cellular and Molecular Imaging, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (CHFC) University Hospital Wuerzburg  Wuerzburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maxim","family":"Terekhov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cellular and Molecular Imaging, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (CHFC) University Hospital Wuerzburg  Wuerzburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Franziska","family":"Veit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (TERM) University Hospital Wuerzburg  Wuerzburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura Maria","family":"Schreiber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cellular and Molecular Imaging, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (CHFC) University Hospital Wuerzburg  Wuerzburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2019.02.065"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12968-014-0087-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.11.051"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e005018","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCIMAGING.116.005018","article-title":"Studying dynamic myofiber aggregate reorientation in dilated cardiomyopathy using in vivo magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging","volume":"9","author":"Deuster C","year":"2016","journal-title":"Circ Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.117.007834"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2016152613"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.25038"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.25784"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.005841"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mri.2008.01.034"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.3500"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12968-017-0395-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2007.02.039"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.23194"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.1998.274.5.H1627"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.1998.275.6.H2308"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCIMAGING.108.815050"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/joa.12377"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.119.12956"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmir.2015.10.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.3200"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.23359"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.21909"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-510X(87)90184-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2018.00031"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.21977"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.148.1.6856832"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/028418519203300503"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.20578"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s41747-018-0057-2"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","first-page":"1049","article-title":"High\u2010resolution diffusion\u2010weighted MR of fresh and fixed cat spinal cords: evaluation of diffusion coefficients and anisotropy","volume":"18","author":"Pattany PM","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0213994"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","unstructured":"YehF\u2010C.DSI Studio.http:\/\/dsi-studio.labsolver.org. Accessed April 22 2016."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.20636"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmpb.2005.08.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nurt.2007.05.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1118\/1.595535"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2008.09.054"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.20604"},{"issue":"20","key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","first-page":"403","article-title":"The action of formaldehyde on living cells as studied by phase\u2010contrast microscopy","volume":"3","author":"Crawford CNC","year":"1951","journal-title":"Q J Microsc Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.21350"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12968-016-0317-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.20304"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.0000199396.30688.eb"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.20676"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.10331"}],"container-title":["NMR in Biomedicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fnbm.4298","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/nbm.4298","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/nbm.4298","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/nbm.4298","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T10:31:07Z","timestamp":1760956267000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/nbm.4298"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,24]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/nbm.4298"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/nbm.4298","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0952-3480","1099-1492"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0952-3480","type":"print"},{"value":"1099-1492","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2019-11-20","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-03-05","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-03-24","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e4298"}}