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Even although it is an established imaging method in small animals, the long acquisition times of gated or self\u2010gated techniques still limit its widespread application. In this study, the application of tiny golden angle radial sparse MRI (tyGRASP) for real\u2010time cardiac imaging was tested in 12 constitutive nexilin (Nexn) knock\u2010out (KO) mice, both heterozygous (Het, <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic> = 6) and wild\u2010type (WT, <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic> = 6), and the resulting functional parameters were compared with a well\u2010established self\u2010gating approach. Real\u2010time images were reconstructed for different temporal resolutions of between 16.8 and 79.8 ms per image. The suggested approach was additionally tested for dobutamine stress and qualitative first\u2010pass perfusion imaging. Measurements were repeated twice within 2 weeks for reproducibility assessment. In direct comparison with the high\u2010quality, self\u2010gated technique, the real\u2010time approach did not show any significant differences in global function parameters for acquisition times below 50 ms (rest) and 31.5 ms (stress). Compared with WT, the end\u2010diastolic volume (EDV) and end\u2010systolic volume (ESV) were markedly higher (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05) and the ejection fraction (EF) was significantly lower in the Het Nexn\u2010KO mice at rest (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001). For the stress investigation, a clear decrease of EDV and ESV, and an increase in EF, but maintained stroke volume, could be observed in both groups. Combined with ECG\u2010triggering, tyGRASP provided first\u2010pass perfusion data with a temporal resolution of one image per heartbeat, allowing the quantitative assessment of upslope curves in the blood\u2010pool and myocardium. Excellent inter\u2010study reproducibility was achieved in all the functional parameters. The tyGRASP is a valuable real\u2010time MRI technique for mice, which significantly reduces the scan time in preclinical cardiac functional imaging, providing sufficient image quality for deriving accurate functional parameters, and has the potential to investigate real\u2010time and beat\u2010to\u2010beat changes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.4300","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,30]],"date-time":"2020-03-30T02:28:46Z","timestamp":1585535326000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Feasibility of real\u2010time cardiac MRI in mice using tiny golden angle radial sparse"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8644-0263","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hao","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Core Facility Small Animal Imaging Ulm University  Ulm Germany"},{"name":"Department of Cardiology The Second Hospital of Shandong University  Jinan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Metze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine II Ulm University Medical Center  Ulm Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2287-6495","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alireza","family":"Abaei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Core Facility Small Animal Imaging Ulm University  Ulm Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wolfgang","family":"Rottbauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine II Ulm University Medical Center  Ulm Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steffen","family":"Just","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine II Ulm University Medical Center  Ulm Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qinghua","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology The Second Hospital of Shandong University  Jinan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Volker","family":"Rasche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Core Facility Small Animal Imaging Ulm University  Ulm Germany"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine II Ulm University Medical Center  Ulm Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","unstructured":"Nice National Institute for Health and Care Excellence.Chronic heart failure in adults: diagnosis and management. 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