{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T17:52:59Z","timestamp":1787507579333,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,4]],"date-time":"2020-10-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1601769600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P01\u2010NS059560"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P01\u2010NS059560"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01\u2010NS047592"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01\u2010NS047592"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01\u2010EY025500"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01\u2010EY025500"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006306","name":"Sigrid Jus\u00e9liuksen S\u00e4\u00e4ti\u00f6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006306","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000890","name":"National Multiple Sclerosis Society","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RG1701\u201026617"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RG1701\u201026617"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000890","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000890","name":"National Multiple Sclerosis Society","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RG 4549A4\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RG 4549A4\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000890","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["NMR in Biomedicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) has been employed for over 2 decades to noninvasively quantify central nervous system diseases\/injuries. However, DTI is an inadequate simplification of diffusion modeling in the presence of coexisting inflammation, edema and crossing nerve fibers. We employed a tissue phantom using fixed mouse trigeminal nerves coated with various amounts of agarose gel to mimic crossing fibers in the presence of vasogenic edema. Diffusivity measures derived by DTI and diffusion basis spectrum imaging (DBSI) were compared at increasing levels of simulated edema and degrees of fiber crossing. Furthermore, we assessed the ability of DBSI, diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI), generalized q\u2010sampling imaging (GQI), q\u2010ball imaging (QBI) and neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging to resolve fiber crossing, in reference to the gold standard angles measured from structural images. DTI\u2010computed diffusivities and fractional anisotropy were significantly confounded by gel\u2010mimicked edema and crossing fibers. Conversely, DBSI calculated accurate diffusivities of individual fibers regardless of the extent of simulated edema and degrees of fiber crossing angles. Additionally, DBSI accurately and consistently estimated crossing angles in various conditions of gel\u2010mimicked edema when compared with the gold standard (r\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    = 0.92,\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 1.9 \u00d7 10\n                    <jats:sup>\u22129<\/jats:sup>\n                    , bias = 3.9\u00b0). Small crossing angles and edema significantly impact the diffusion orientation distribution function, making DKI, GQI and QBI less accurate in detecting and estimating fiber crossing angles. Lastly, we used diffusion tensor ellipsoids to demonstrate that DBSI resolves the confounds of edema and crossing fibers in the peritumoral edema region from a patient with lung cancer metastasis, while DTI failed. In summary, DBSI is able to separate two crossing fibers and accurately recover their diffusivities in a complex environment characterized by increasing crossing angles and amounts of gel\u2010mimicked edema. DBSI also indicated better angular resolution compared with DKI, QBI and GQI.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.4414","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,5]],"date-time":"2020-10-05T03:15:38Z","timestamp":1601867738000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["The impact of edema and fiber crossing on diffusion MRI metrics assessed in an ex vivo nerve phantom: Multi\u2010tensor model vs. diffusion orientation distribution function"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0369-7432","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zezhong","family":"Ye","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Washington University School of Medicine  St. Louis Missouri United 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