{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T15:14:14Z","timestamp":1790694854569,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,4]],"date-time":"2020-10-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1601769600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["NMR in Biomedicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>Moving to ultra\u2010high fields (\u22657 T), the inhomogeneity of both RF (<jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>) and static (<jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>0<\/jats:sub>) magnetic fields increases, which further motivates us to design a realistic head\u2010shaped phantom, especially for spectroscopic imaging. Such phantoms provide images similar to the human brain and serve as a reliable tool for developing and examining methods in MRI. This study aims to develop and characterize a realistic head\u2010shaped phantom filled with brain\u2010mimicking metabolites for MRS and magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging in a 7 T MRI scanner.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A 3D head\u2010shaped container with three sections\u2014mimicking brain, muscle and precranial lipid\u2014was constructed. The phantom was designed to provide robustness to heating, mechanical damage and leakage, with easy refilling. The head\u2019s shape and the agarose mixture were optimized to provide <jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>0<\/jats:sub> and <jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> distributions and <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\/<jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> relaxation values similar to those of human brain. Eight brain\u2010tissue\u2010mimicking metabolites were included for spectroscopy. The phantom was evaluated for localized spectroscopy, fast spectroscopic imaging and fat suppression.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The <jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>0<\/jats:sub> and <jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> maps showed distribution similar to that of human brain, with increased <jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>0<\/jats:sub> inhomogeneity near the nasal and ear areas and reduced <jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> in the temporal lobe and brain stem regions, as expected in vivo. The metabolites\u2019 concentrations were verified by single\u2010voxel spectroscopy, showing an average deviation of 11%. Fast spectroscopic imaging and imaging with fat suppression were demonstrated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>A 3D head\u2010shaped phantom for human brain imaging and spectroscopic imaging in 7 T MRI was demonstrated, making it a realistic phantom for methodology development at 7 T.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.4421","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,5]],"date-time":"2020-10-05T00:23:56Z","timestamp":1601857436000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Realistic head\u2010shaped phantom with brain\u2010mimicking metabolites for 7 T spectroscopy and spectroscopic imaging"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Ghil","family":"Jona","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Life Sciences Core Facilities Weizmann Institute of Science  Rehovot Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edna","family":"Furman\u2010Haran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Life Sciences Core Facilities Weizmann Institute of Science  Rehovot Israel"},{"name":"The Azrieli National Institute for Human Brain Imaging and Research Weizmann Institute of Science  Rehovot Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1580-9964","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rita","family":"Schmidt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Azrieli National Institute for Human Brain Imaging and Research Weizmann Institute of Science  Rehovot Israel"},{"name":"Neurobiology Department Weizmann Institute of Science  Rehovot Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mp.13058"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.26509"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.26982"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.26903"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.22313"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2018173007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.25902"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.20993"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.20245"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0183168"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LAWP.2014.2340409"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.25123"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phro.2018.12.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.20583"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1118\/1.4895823"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.27153"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.1213"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmr.2010.06.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2016.12.065"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.26778"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.3838"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mri.2005.12.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2017.03.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-180861"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-017-2248-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(06)70905-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","volume-title":"A.A. 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