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Its two well\u2010known main problems\u2014(i) \u201cvoxel bleed\u201d due to the intrinsic point\u2010spread function, and (ii) chemical shift displacement error (CSDE) when slice\u2010selective RF pulses are used, which worsens with increasing volume of interest (VOI) size\u2014have long become accepted as unavoidable. Both problems can be mitigated with Hadamard multislice RF encoding. This is demonstrated and quantified with numerical simulations, in a multislice phantom and in five healthy young adult volunteers at 3 T, targeting a 2\u2010cm thick temporal lobe VOI through the bilateral hippocampus. This frequently targeted region (e.g. in epilepsy and Alzheimer's disease) is subject to strong, 1\u20102 ppm.cm<jats:sup>\u20101<\/jats:sup> regional B0, susceptibility gradients that can dramatically reduce the signal\u2010to\u2010noise ratio (SNR) and water suppression effectiveness. The chemical shift imaging (CSI) sequence used a 3\u2010ms Shinnar\u2013Le Roux (SLR) 90\u00b0 RF pulse, acquiring eight steps in the slice direction. The Hadamard sequence acquired two overlapping slices using the same SLR 90\u00b0 pulses, under twofold stronger gradients that proportionally halved the CSDE. Both sequences used 2D 20 \u00d7 20 rosette spectroscopic imaging (RSI) for in\u2010plane spatial localization and both used RF and gradient performance characteristics that are easily met by all modern MRI instruments. The results show that Hadamard spectroscopic imaging (HSI) suffered dramatically less signal bleed within the VOI compared with CSI (&lt;1% vs. approximately 26% in simulations; and 5%\u20138% vs. &gt;50%) in a phantom specifically designed to test these effects. The voxels' SNR per unit volume per unit time was also 40% higher for HSI. In a group of five healthy volunteers, we show that HSI with in\u2010plane 2D\u2010RSI facilitates fast, 3D multivoxel encoding at submilliliter spatial resolution, over the bilateral human hippocampus, in under 10 min, with negligible CSDE, spectral and spatial contamination and more than 6% improved SNR per unit time per unit volume.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.4507","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,23]],"date-time":"2021-03-23T03:37:04Z","timestamp":1616470624000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Fast, regional three\u2010dimensional hybrid (1D\u2010Hadamard 2D\u2010rosette) proton MR spectroscopic imaging in the human temporal lobes"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6718-6522","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Assaf","family":"Tal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical and Biological Physics The Weizmann Institute of Science  Rehovot Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tiejun","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bernard and Irene Schwartz Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology New York University Grossman School of Medicine  New York New York USA"},{"name":"Siemens Medical Solutions USA Inc.  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