{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T01:13:12Z","timestamp":1790730792179,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":90,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,7]],"date-time":"2021-04-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617753600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005370","name":"Gates Cambridge Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005370","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005357","name":"Agent\u00fara na Podporu V\u00fdskumu a V\u00fdvoja","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["#19\u20100032"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#19\u20100032"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005357","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["NMR in Biomedicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Cardiac proton spectroscopy (<jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup>H\u2010MRS) is widely used to quantify lipids. Other metabolites (e.g. creatine and choline) are clinically relevant but more challenging to quantify because of their low concentrations (approximately 10 mmol\/L) and because of cardiac motion. To quantify cardiac creatine and choline, we added water\u2010suppression cycling (WSC) to two single\u2010voxel spectroscopy sequences (STEAM and PRESS). WSC introduces controlled residual water signals that alternate between positive and negative phases from transient to transient, enabling robust phase and frequency correction. Moreover, a particular weighted sum of transients eliminates residual water signals without baseline distortion. We compared WSC and the vendor's standard \u2018WET\u2019 water suppression in phantoms. Next, we tested repeatability in 10 volunteers (seven males, three females; age 29.3\u2009\u00b1\u20094.0 years; body mass index [BMI] 23.7\u2009\u00b1\u20094.1 kg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>). Fat fraction, creatine concentration and choline concentration when quantified by STEAM\u2010WET were 0.30%\u2009\u00b1\u20090.11%, 29.6\u2009\u00b1\u20097.0 \u03bcmol\/g and 7.9\u2009\u00b1\u20096.7 \u03bcmol\/g, respectively; and when quantified by PRESS\u2010WSC they were 0.30%\u2009\u00b1\u20090.15%, 31.5\u2009\u00b1\u20093.1 \u03bcmol\/g and 8.3\u2009\u00b1\u20094.4 \u03bcmol\/g, respectively. Compared with STEAM\u2010WET, PRESS\u2010WSC gave spectra whose fitting quality expressed by Cram\u00e9r\u2010Rao lower bounds improved by 26% for creatine and 32% for choline. Repeatability of metabolite concentration measurements improved by 72% for creatine and 40% for choline. We also compared STEAM\u2010WET and PRESS\u2010WSC in 13 patients with severe symptomatic aortic or mitral stenosis indicated for valve replacement surgery (10 males, three females; age 75.9\u2009\u00b1\u20096.3 years; BMI 27.4\u2009\u00b1\u20094.3 kg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>). Spectra were of analysable quality in eight patients for STEAM\u2010WET, and in nine for PRESS\u2010WSC. We observed comparable lipid concentrations with those in healthy volunteers, significantly reduced creatine concentrations, and a trend towards decreased choline concentrations. We conclude that PRESS\u2010WSC offers improved performance and reproducibility for the quantification of cardiac lipids, creatine and choline concentrations in healthy volunteers at 3 T. It also offers improved performance compared with STEAM\u2010WET for detecting altered creatine and choline concentrations in patients with valve disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.4513","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,7]],"date-time":"2021-04-07T05:39:15Z","timestamp":1617773955000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Water\u2010suppression cycling 3\u2010T cardiac <sup>1<\/sup>H\u2010MRS detects altered creatine and choline in patients with aortic or mitral stenosis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6868-2234","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Belinda","family":"Ding","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre University of Cambridge  Cambridge UK"},{"name":"Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research (OCMR) University of Oxford  Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Peterzan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research (OCMR) University of Oxford  Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1361-4349","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ferenc E.","family":"M\u00f3zes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research (OCMR) University of Oxford  Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oliver J.","family":"Rider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research (OCMR) University of Oxford  Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ladislav","family":"Valkovi\u010d","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research (OCMR) University of Oxford  Oxford UK"},{"name":"Department of Imaging Methods, Institute of Measurement Science Slovak Academy of Sciences  Bratislava Slovakia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1275-1197","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christopher T.","family":"Rodgers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre University of Cambridge  Cambridge UK"},{"name":"Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research (OCMR) University of Oxford  Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2012.04.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.679597"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.23011"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10741-012-9341-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12968-019-0519-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2015.00024"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.27961"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-16318-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra063052"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.3302"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470034590.emrstm1488"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.0000137170.41939.d9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198510243131704"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470034590.emrstm0345"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.219.2.r01ma39411"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12968-019-0529-4"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","first-page":"H1207","article-title":"Energetic basis for reduced contractile reserve in isolated rat hearts","volume":"270","author":"Tian R","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12968-018-0491-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0008-6363(98)00086-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00395-009-0015-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvr038"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1753-4887.2009.00246.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4330\/wjc.v7.i4.204"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/14737175.8.11.1703"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.822"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.27si075504"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40644-016-0082-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.1203"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pd.4689"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.20277"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.21015"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1522-2594(200003)43:3<325::AID-MRM1>3.0.CO;2-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.25094"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.22582"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.20549"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjci\/jew335"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0195-668X(03)00201-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCIMAGING.114.002917"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2018.01.045"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2018.07.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00731.2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21037\/cdt-20-275"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.119.043450"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_10_45_1","first-page":"H1959","article-title":"High\u2010energy phosphate responses to tachycardia and inotropic stimulation in left ventricular hypertrophy","volume":"266","author":"Bache RJ","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2007.03.899"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.2001.281.1.H376"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.96.4.1313"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jmrb.1994.1048"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.20075"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2463\/mrms.3.19"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2003.05.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.2845"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.22289"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2006-0584"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12872-016-0382-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.20123"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_58_1","unstructured":"RialB.Development of Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in Human Heart at 3 Tesla[PhD thesis].2010.https:\/\/ora.ox.ac.uk\/objects\/uuid:48e60f2d\u2010ec5c\u20104b20\u2010999a\u2010b726f8baa436"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.25618"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0185356"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-2364(92)90241-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jmre.1998.1425"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_63_1","volume-title":"Principles of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance in One and Two Dimensions","author":"Ernst RR","year":"1987"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.701"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.21787"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmr.2014.03.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2006.07.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.5256"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03193146"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/BRM.41.4.1149"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.10372"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1522-2594(199911)42:5<903::AID-MRM10>3.0.CO;2-N"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.69.711"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCIMAGING.113.000559"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.P900032-JLR200"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2007.10.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(97)06402-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.115.002314"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09922"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu9070711"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2261-7-20"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_10_82_1","first-page":"78","article-title":"Dietary choline and betaine intakes and risk of cardiovascular diseases: review of epidemiological evidence","volume":"7","author":"Rajaie S","year":"2011","journal-title":"ARYA Atheroscler"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.116.025338"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-016-1296-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000488049"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep42553"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/erm.10.2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2004.046292"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2119\/molmed.2014.00125"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2018.10.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.20605"}],"container-title":["NMR in Biomedicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/nbm.4513","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/nbm.4513","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/nbm.4513","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T10:33:09Z","timestamp":1760956389000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/nbm.4513"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,7]]},"references-count":90,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/nbm.4513"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/nbm.4513","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0952-3480","1099-1492"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0952-3480","type":"print"},{"value":"1099-1492","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-01-29","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-03-03","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-04-07","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e4513"}}