{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]],"date-time":"2026-01-20T08:05:23Z","timestamp":1768896323456,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,5]],"date-time":"2021-05-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1620172800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013373","name":"NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["#098436\/Z\/12\/B"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#098436\/Z\/12\/B"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013373","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005357","name":"Agent\u00fara na Podporu V\u00fdskumu a V\u00fdvoja","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["#19\u20130032"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#19\u20130032"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005357","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["NMR in Biomedicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>T<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> mapping is a useful tool for the assessment of patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease but still suffers from a large unexplained variance in healthy subjects. This study aims to characterize the potential effects of liver glycogen concentration and body hydration status on liver shortened modified Look\u2010Locker inversion recovery (shMOLLI) T<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> measurements. Eleven glycogen phantoms and 12 healthy volunteers (mean age: 31\u2009years, three females) were scanned at 3 T using inversion recovery spin echo, multiple contrast spin echo (in phantoms), shMOLLI T<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> mapping, multiple\u2010echo spoiled gradient recalled echo and <jats:sup>13<\/jats:sup>C spectroscopy (in healthy volunteers). Phantom r<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> and r<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> relaxivities were determined from measured T<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> and T<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> values. Participants underwent a series of five metabolic experiments to vary their glycogen concentration and hydration levels: feeding, food fasting, exercising, underhydration, and rehydration. Descriptive statistics were calculated for shMOLLI T<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>, inferior vena cava to aorta cross\u2010sectional area ratio (IVC\/Ao) as a marker of body hydration status, glycogen concentration, T<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>* and proton density fat fraction values. A linear mixed model for shMOLLI R<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> was constructed to determine the effects of glycogen concentration and IVC\/Ao ratio. The mean shMOLLI T<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> after fasting was 737\u2009\u00b1\u200967\u2009ms. The mean within\u2010subject change was 80\u2009\u00b1\u200945\u2009ms. The linear mixed model revealed a glycogen r<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> relaxivity in volunteers (0.18\u2009M<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> s<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.03) close to that determined in phantoms (0.28\u2009M<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> s<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>). A unit change in IVC\/Ao ratio was associated with a drop of \u22120.113\u2009s<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> in R<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). This study demonstrated a dependence of liver shMOLLI T<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> values on liver glycogen concentration and overall body hydration status. Interparticipant variation of hydration status should be minimized in future liver MRI studies. Additionally, caution is advised when interpreting liver T1 measurements in participants with excess liver glycogen.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.4530","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,6]],"date-time":"2021-05-06T04:57:09Z","timestamp":1620277029000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Hydration and glycogen affect T<sub>1<\/sub> relaxation times of liver tissue"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1361-4349","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ferenc E.","family":"M\u00f3zes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research (OCMR) University of Oxford  Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ladislav","family":"Valkovi\u010d","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research (OCMR) University of Oxford  Oxford UK"},{"name":"Department of Imaging Methods, Institute of Measurement Science Slovak Academy of Sciences  Bratislava Slovakia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Pavlides","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research (OCMR) University of Oxford  Oxford UK"},{"name":"Translational Gastroenterology Unit University of Oxford  Oxford UK"},{"name":"Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre University of Oxford and Oxford Radcliffe Hospitals NHS Trust  Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matthew D.","family":"Robson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research (OCMR) University of Oxford  Oxford UK"},{"name":"Perspectum Gemini One  Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6945-5201","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elizabeth M.","family":"Tunnicliffe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research (OCMR) University of Oxford  Oxford UK"},{"name":"Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre University of Oxford and Oxford Radcliffe Hospitals NHS Trust  Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.28431"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v5.i4.301"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2005.084475"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.12614"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2015.10.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2013.09.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.13284"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.25392"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.25146"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1532-429X-15-63"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.24867"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12968-015-0136-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","unstructured":"M\u00f3zesFE TunnicliffeEM RobsonMD.The echo time of balanced steady\u2010state free precession readouts modulates the influence of fat on MOLLI T1 measurements. 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