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The current study aimed to quantify the pharmacokinetic effect of a CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> gas challenge on myocardial perfusion in rats using high\u2010resolution, first\u2010pass perfusion CMR and compared it with pharmacologically induced hyperemia using regadenoson. A dual\u2010contrast, saturation\u2010recovery, gradient\u2010echo sequence with a Cartesian readout was used on a small\u2010animal 9.4\u2010T scanner; additional cine images during hyperemia\/rest were recorded with an ultrashort echo time sequence. The mean myocardial blood flow value at rest was 6.1\u2009\u00b1\u20091.4\u2009versus 13.9\u2009\u00b1\u20093.7\u2009and 14.3\u2009\u00b1\u20094\u2009mL\/g\/min during vasodilation with hypercapnia and regadenoson, respectively. Accordingly, the myocardial flow reserve value was 2.6\u2009\u00b1\u20091.1 for the gas challenge and 2.5\u2009\u00b1\u20091.4 for regadenoson. During hyperemia with both protocols, a significantly increased cardiac output was found. It was concluded that hypercapnia leads to significantly increased coronary flow and yields similar myocardial flow reserves in healthy rats as compared with pharmacological stimulation. Accordingly, inducible hypercapnia can be selected as an alternative stressor in CMR studies of myocardial blood flow in small animals.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.4593","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,2]],"date-time":"2021-08-02T03:50:18Z","timestamp":1627876218000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Quantitative myocardial first\u2010pass perfusion imaging of CO<sub>2<\/sub>\u2010induced vasodilation in rats"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6783-3590","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Grzegorz","family":"Kwiatkowski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Biomedical Engineering University and ETH Zurich  Zurich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sebastian","family":"Kozerke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Biomedical Engineering 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