{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T02:34:40Z","timestamp":1783650880181,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,28]],"date-time":"2021-11-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638057600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000069","name":"National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 AR070101"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 AR070101"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000069","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008982","name":"National Science Foundation of Sri Lanka","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008982","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012892","name":"National High Magnetic Field Laboratory","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012892","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["NMR in Biomedicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:sup>31<\/jats:sup>Phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy (<jats:sup>31<\/jats:sup>P\u2010MRS) has been shown to detect altered energetic status (e.g. the ratio of inorganic phosphate to phosphocreatine: Pi\/PCr), intracellular acid\u2013base status, and free intracellular magnesium ([Mg<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>]) in dystrophic muscle compared with unaffected muscle; however, the causes of these differences are not well understood. The purposes of this study were to examine <jats:sup>31<\/jats:sup>P\u2010MRS indices of energetic status and sarcolemma integrity in young <jats:italic>mdx<\/jats:italic> mice compared with wild\u2010type and to evaluate the effects of downhill running to induce muscle damage on <jats:sup>31<\/jats:sup>P\u2010MRS indices in dystrophic muscle. In vivo <jats:sup>31<\/jats:sup>P\u2010MRS spectra were acquired from the posterior hindlimb muscles in young (4\u201310\u00a0weeks of age) <jats:italic>mdx<\/jats:italic> (C57BL\/10ScSn\u2010DMD<jats:italic>mdx<\/jats:italic>) and wild\u2010type (C57BL\/10ScSnJ) mice using an 11.1\u2010T MR system. The flux of phosphate from PCr to ATP was estimated by <jats:sup>31<\/jats:sup>P\u2010MRS saturation transfer experiments. Relative concentrations of high\u2010energy phosphates were measured, and intracellular pH and [Mg<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>] were calculated. <jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup>H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O\u2010T<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> was measured using single\u2010voxel <jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup>H\u2010MRS from the gastrocnemius and soleus using a 4.7\u2010T MR system. Downhill treadmill running was performed in a subset of mice. Young <jats:italic>mdx<\/jats:italic> mice were characterized by elevated <jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup>H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O\u2010T<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01)<jats:sub>,<\/jats:sub> Pi\/PCr (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.02), PCr to ATP flux (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.04) and histological inflammatory markers (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05) and reduced (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01) [Mg<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>] compared with wild\u2010type. Furthermore, 24\u2009h after downhill running, an increase (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.02) in Pi\/PCr was observed in <jats:italic>mdx<\/jats:italic> and wild\u2010type mice compared with baseline, and a decrease (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) in [Mg<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>] and a lower (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.048) intracellular [H<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>] in damaged muscle regions of <jats:italic>mdx<\/jats:italic> mice were observed, consistent with impaired sarcolemma integrity. Overall, our findings demonstrate that <jats:sup>31<\/jats:sup>P\u2010MRS markers of energetic status and sarcolemma integrity are altered in young <jats:italic>mdx<\/jats:italic> compared with wild\u2010type mice, and these indices are exacerbated following downhill running.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.4659","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,29]],"date-time":"2021-11-29T02:34:30Z","timestamp":1638153270000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Effects of muscle damage on <sup>31<\/sup>phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy indices of energetic status and sarcolemma integrity in young <i>mdx<\/i> mice"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Christopher","family":"Lopez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy University of Florida  Gainesville Florida 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