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Based on physiological considerations, PVC algorithms typically assume zero signal in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Recent measurements, however, have shown that CSF\u2010ASL signal can exceed 10% of GM signal, even when using recommended ASL labeling parameters. CSF signal is expected to particularly affect PVC results in the choroid plexus. This study aims to measure the impact of CSF signal on PVC perfusion measurements, and to investigate the potential use of PVC to retrieve pure CSF\u2010ASL signal for blood\u2013CSF barrier characterization. In vivo imaging included six pCASL sequences with variable label duration and post\u2010labeling delay (PLD), and an eight\u2010echo 3D\u2010GRASE readout. A dataset was simulated to estimate the effect of CSF\u2010PVC with known ground\u2010truth parameters. Differences between the results of CSF\u2010PVC and non\u2010CSF\u2010PVC were estimated for regions of interest (ROIs) based on GM probability, and a separate ROI isolating the choroid plexus. In vivo, the suitability of PVC\u2010CSF signal as an estimate of pure CSF was investigated by comparing its time course with the long\u2010TE CSF signal. Results from both simulation and in vivo data indicated that including the CSF signal in PVC improves quantification of GM CBF by approximately 10%. In simulated data, this improvement was greater for multi\u2010PLD (model fitting) quantification than for single PLD (~1\u20135% difference). In the choroid plexus, the difference between CSF\u2010PVC and non\u2010CSF\u2010PVC was much larger, averaging around 30%. Long\u2010TE (pure) CSF signal could not be estimated from PVC CSF signal as it followed a different time course, indicating the presence of residual macrovascular signal in the PVC. The inclusion of CSF adds value to PVC for more accurate measurements of GM perfusion, and especially for quantification of perfusion in the choroid plexus and study of the glymphatic system.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.4852","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,21]],"date-time":"2022-10-21T09:26:26Z","timestamp":1666344386000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Arterial spin labeling signal in the CSF: Implications for partial volume correction and blood\u2013CSF barrier characterization"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9127-2201","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"L\u00e9onie","family":"Petitclerc","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"C.J. 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