{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T04:12:26Z","timestamp":1792210346113,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,29]],"date-time":"2022-11-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669680000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["NMR in Biomedicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Rodent models of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) often do not recapitulate the severity of muscle wasting and resultant fibro\u2010fatty infiltration observed in DMD patients. Having recently documented severe muscle wasting and fatty deposition in two preclinical models of muscular dystrophy (Dysferlin\u2010null and <jats:italic>mdx<\/jats:italic> mice) through apolipoprotein E (<jats:italic>ApoE<\/jats:italic>) gene deletion without and with cholesterol\u2010, triglyceride\u2010rich Western diet supplementation, we sought to determine whether magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy (MRI and MRS, respectively) could be used to detect, characterize, and compare lipid deposition in <jats:italic>mdx<\/jats:italic>\u2010<jats:italic>ApoE<\/jats:italic> knockout with <jats:italic>mdx<\/jats:italic> mice in a diet\u2010dependent manner. MRI revealed that both <jats:italic>mdx<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>mdx<\/jats:italic>\u2010<jats:italic>ApoE<\/jats:italic> mice exhibited elevated proton relaxation time constants (T<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>) in their lower hindlimbs irrespective of diet, indicating both chronic muscle damage and fatty tissue deposition. The <jats:italic>mdx\u2010ApoE<\/jats:italic> mice on a Western diet (<jats:italic>mdx\u2010ApoE<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>W<\/jats:sup>) presented with greatest fatty tissue infiltration in the posterior compartment of the hindlimb compared with other groups, as detected by MRI\/MRS. High\u2010resolution magic angle spinning confirmed elevated lipid deposition in the posterior compartments of <jats:italic>mdx<\/jats:italic>\u2010<jats:italic>ApoE<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>W<\/jats:sup> mice in vivo and ex vivo, respectively. In conclusion, the <jats:italic>mdx\u2010ApoE<\/jats:italic><jats:sup><jats:italic>W<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sup> model recapitulates some of the extreme fatty tissue deposition observed clinically in DMD muscle but typically absent in <jats:italic>mdx<\/jats:italic> mice. This preclinical model will help facilitate the development of new imaging modalities directly relevant to the image contrast generated in DMD, and help to refine MR\u2010based biomarkers and their relationship to tissue structure and disease progression.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.4869","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,4]],"date-time":"2022-11-04T08:36:25Z","timestamp":1667550985000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Magnetic resonance quantification of skeletal muscle lipid infiltration in a humanized mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9991-263X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ram B.","family":"Khattri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics University of Florida  Gainesville Florida USA"},{"name":"Department of 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